Carbs

Question 1

Carbs

main function

Answer 1

short term ENERGY, building materials, and cell communication

Question 1

Monosaccharide

Answer 1

1. Monosaccharides (Single Sugars):
   
   • Made up of 3, 5, or 6 carbon atoms (e.g., glyceraldehyde, ribose, fructose, glucose).
     - Monosaccharides can exist in a linear form, but in water, those with 5 or more carbons form a ring. This happens when a carbonyl group reacts with a hydroxyl group.
   • Glucose Rings:
     
     • Alpha-glucose (α-glucose)
     • Beta-glucose (β-glucose)
   • Isomers: Molecules with the same formula but different structures. Alpha-glucose and beta-glucose are examples.
   • Monosaccharides have many functional groups, making them water-soluble (hydrophilic).

Question 2

Disaccharide

Answer 2

• Disaccharides form when two monosaccharide molecules join through a dehydration (condensation) reaction.
• They usually have polar groups, making them hydrophilic (water-attracting).
• Monosaccharides are linked by glycosidic bonds to form larger carbohydrates.

Question 3

Polysaccharide

Answer 3

several monosaccharides joined together (100-1000 to several thousand)
They are very polar and very hydrophilic, BUT because they are so large, they attract water but don’t dissolve in water. E.g., paper towels are great for cleaning up spills because they absorb a lot of water.

Question 4

What is the bond that links carbs together?

Answer 4

Glycosidic linkage is what holds monosaccharides together

Question 5

Is it alpha or beta – how do you recognize it?

Answer 5

If the hydroxide on carbon one is on the top it is BETA, if it is on the bottom it is ALPHA

Question 6

What types of reactions are involved in the synthesis and break down of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

dehydration synthesis for building carbs up and hydrolysis for breaking them down. Dehydration synthesis links sugars by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks them apart using water. These reactions are key in carb synthesis and breakdown.

Answer: Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.

Question 7

Why are paper towels absorbent, but don’t break apart?

Answer 7

Due to the large size of the polysaccharides in paper towels they often absorb but don’t dissolve in water due to the large size
The existence of cellulose, which is a molecule that often is able to absorb water without losing its structure is another factor in the structure of paper towels.