Active Transport

Question 1

Active Transport – define

Answer 1

• Uses energy from the cell to move materials in and out.
• Involves larger and charged substances.
• Moves substances against the concentration gradient (from low concentration to high concentration).
• Energy used comes from adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Question 2

Primary

Answer 2

use of active pumps to move ions across membranes (directly associated with ATP)

Question 3

Secondary

Answer 3

Uses the concentration gradient of an ion, created by the 1st pump, as its energy source

Question 4

Symport

Answer 4

a solute moves through the membrane channel in the same direction as driving ions.

Question 5

Antiport

Answer 5

driving ions move through membranes in one direction, providing energy for active transport of another solute in the opposite direction.

Question 6

What is exocytosis

Answer 6

In exocytosis, large molecules held within the cell are transported to the external environment

Question 7

Endocytosis

Answer 7

Endocytosis is like when a cell is bringing stuff inside, kind of like a cell’s way of eating.
It’s a process where the cell membrane surrounds and engulfs particles or fluids to bring them into the cell.
This helps the cell take in nutrients, hormones, and even pathogens for various cellular functions.

Question 8

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 8

• The outer cell membrane has surface receptor proteins.
• These receptors recognize and bind to specific molecules (ligands).
• The binding of the molecules triggers the membrane to engulf them, bringing them into the cell.

Question 9

Phagocytosis (cell eating)

Answer 9

Cells engulf solid particles
Typically used by white blood cells to get rid of invading particles/organisms (e.g., foreign particles, bacteria, viruses)

Question 10

Pinocytosis (cell drinking)

Answer 10

Cells engulf extracellular water and any other molecules in the solution