Carboxyllic Acid And Esters Flashcards
what is the general structure of a carboxylic acid
it has a carboxyl functional group which has a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group (cooh)
carboxyl group is always at the end
what is the general structure of an ester
how are they named
have a coo group
the alcohol the carboxylic acid e.g. ethyl ethanoate
are carboxylic acids weak or strong acids
weak acids, they dissociate partially to form a H+ ion and a carboxylate ion
what do carboxylic acids produce when reaction with a carbonate
salt
carbon dioxide
water
carboxylic acid and alcohols react in the presence of
to form
an acid catalyst
ester
esterification
carboxylic acid and alcohol react to form an ester and water
also
acid anhydride and alcohol react and form an ester and carboxylic acid
use of esters
perfume and flavourings
solvents for polar organic solvents
plasticisers for polymers
properties of esters
sweet smelling
non toxic
soluble in solvents
do not form hydrogen bonds as no hydrogen is bonded to an electronegative atom
ester acid hydrolysis
dilute hydrochloric acid
heat under reflux
ester + h2o ——> carboxylic acid + alcohol
ester base hydrolysis
dilute sodium hydroxide
heat under reflux
ester + oh- ——–> carboxylate ion + alcohol
reacting glycerol and fatty acids
ester ( fats and oils )
what is glycerol
propane -1,2,3 triol
forms hydrogen bonds and is readily soluble
what is an oil
vegetable oil properties
an ester
unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, low vdw forces and low mp
what is fat
animal fat properties
an ester
saturated hydrocarbon chain, lots of vdw forces high mp
what happens when fats and oils are hydrolysed and heated by naoh
SOAP is produced
fat + —–NAOH —–> GLYCEROL AND SODIUM SALT
3 NAOH
How id biodiesel produced
vegetable oils convert into biodiesel by reacting methanol with a strong alkali catalyst
what is biodiesel
a mixture of methyl esters of long chain carboxylic acids
acyl chloride
has a chlorine atom at the end
what do acyl chlorides react with
ammonia, water and primary amines
each reaction cl is substituded
water and acyl chloride produces
carboxylic acid and hcl
chlorine is replaced with oh
hcl is toxic
alcohol and acyl chloride produces
ester and hcl
white misty fumes of hcl gas
primary amines and acyl chloride produces
N substituted amide and hcl
white misty fumes of hcl gas
reaction with ammonia and acyl chloride
secondary amide and hcl
white misty fumes of hcl
what are acid anhydrides
2 carboxylic acids which are the same
acid anyhydride and water
ethanoic acid (2)
acid anydride and amide
amide and carboxylic acid
alcohol and acid anhydride
ester and carboxylic acid
amine and acid anhydride
n substitute amide and carboxylic acid
what is the name of the mechanism of acid anhydrides and acyl chlorides reacting with water, alcohol, ammonia and amines called
Nucleophilic addition elimination
what is aspirin
an ester made by reacting ethanoic anhydride or ethanoyl chloride and salycillic acid
why is ethanoic anhydride used over ethanoyl chloride
it is safer and less corrosive
chloride produces hcl toxic gas
it is safer as it doesn’t react vigorously with water
