Carboxyllic Acid And Esters

Question 1

what is the general structure of a carboxylic acid

Answer 1

it has a carboxyl functional group which has a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group (cooh)
carboxyl group is always at the end

Question 2

what is the general structure of an ester
how are they named

Answer 2

have a coo group
the alcohol the carboxylic acid e.g. ethyl ethanoate

Question 3

are carboxylic acids weak or strong acids

Answer 3

weak acids, they dissociate partially to form a H+ ion and a carboxylate ion

Question 4

what do carboxylic acids produce when reaction with a carbonate

Answer 4

salt
carbon dioxide
water

Question 5

carboxylic acid and alcohols react in the presence of
to form

Answer 5

an acid catalyst
ester

Question 6

esterification

Answer 6

carboxylic acid and alcohol react to form an ester and water
also
acid anhydride and alcohol react and form an ester and carboxylic acid

Question 7

use of esters

Answer 7

perfume and flavourings
solvents for polar organic solvents
plasticisers for polymers

Question 8

properties of esters

Answer 8

sweet smelling
non toxic
soluble in solvents
do not form hydrogen bonds as no hydrogen is bonded to an electronegative atom

Question 9

ester acid hydrolysis

Answer 9

dilute hydrochloric acid
heat under reflux

ester + h2o ——> carboxylic acid + alcohol

Question 10

ester base hydrolysis

Answer 10

dilute sodium hydroxide
heat under reflux

ester + oh- ——–> carboxylate ion + alcohol

Question 11

reacting glycerol and fatty acids

Answer 11

ester ( fats and oils )

Question 12

what is glycerol

Answer 12

propane -1,2,3 triol

forms hydrogen bonds and is readily soluble

Question 13

what is an oil

vegetable oil properties

Answer 13

an ester

unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, low vdw forces and low mp

Question 14

what is fat

animal fat properties

Answer 14

an ester

saturated hydrocarbon chain, lots of vdw forces high mp

Question 15

what happens when fats and oils are hydrolysed and heated by naoh

Answer 15

SOAP is produced

Question 16

fat + —–NAOH —–> GLYCEROL AND SODIUM SALT

Answer 16

3 NAOH

Question 17

How id biodiesel produced

Answer 17

vegetable oils convert into biodiesel by reacting methanol with a strong alkali catalyst

Question 18

what is biodiesel

Answer 18

a mixture of methyl esters of long chain carboxylic acids

Question 19

acyl chloride

Answer 19

has a chlorine atom at the end

Question 20

what do acyl chlorides react with

Answer 20

ammonia, water and primary amines

each reaction cl is substituded

Question 21

water and acyl chloride produces

Answer 21

carboxylic acid and hcl

chlorine is replaced with oh
hcl is toxic

Question 22

alcohol and acyl chloride produces

Answer 22

ester and hcl
white misty fumes of hcl gas

Question 23

primary amines and acyl chloride produces

Answer 23

N substituted amide and hcl

white misty fumes of hcl gas

Question 24

reaction with ammonia and acyl chloride

Answer 24

secondary amide and hcl
white misty fumes of hcl

Question 25

what are acid anhydrides

Answer 25

2 carboxylic acids which are the same

Question 26

acid anyhydride and water

Answer 26

ethanoic acid (2)

Question 27

acid anydride and amide

Answer 27

amide and carboxylic acid

Question 28

alcohol and acid anhydride

Answer 28

ester and carboxylic acid

Question 29

amine and acid anhydride

Answer 29

n substitute amide and carboxylic acid

Question 30

what is the name of the mechanism of acid anhydrides and acyl chlorides reacting with water, alcohol, ammonia and amines called

Answer 30

Nucleophilic addition elimination

Question 31

what is aspirin

Answer 31

an ester made by reacting ethanoic anhydride or ethanoyl chloride and salycillic acid

Question 32

why is ethanoic anhydride used over ethanoyl chloride

Answer 32

it is safer and less corrosive chloride produces hcl toxic gas it is safer as it doesn't react vigorously with water