Aldehyde And Ketone Flashcards
what is an aldehyde
ends with a c double bond O
ketone
the middle contains an c double bond o
what are the intermolecular forces of a carbonyl
permanent dipole dipole forces
what are aldehydes oxidised into
carboxylic acids
aldehyde into carboxylic acid
reagent and conditions also include the equation for oxidation of the reagent and observation
thanks smarty ;)
oxidation
potassium dichromate and dilute sulfuric acid
reflux
3CH3CHO + Cr2O7
2- + 8H+ 3 CH3CO2H + 4H2O + 2Cr3
orange to green
what are the 2 tests to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones
fehlings
tolhens
explain tolhens regent
aldehydes in carboxylic acid
silver mirror forms
ketones no change
explain fehlings reagent
aldehydes oxidised into carboxylic acid
blue to red
ketones don’t react
reduction of carbonyls mechanisim and reagents
NaBH4 in aqueous ethanol
nucleophilic addition
alcohol produced
if it is an aldehyde reaction with NaBH4 what is produced
primary alcohol
if it is an ketone reaction with NaBH4 what is produced
secondary alcohol
carbonyl compound into a hydroxy nitrile
reagent
condition
mechanisms
cn and dilute sulfuric acid
room temp and pressure
nucleophilic addition
advantage of using kcn and nacn
higher concentration of cn as the compounds completely ionise and hcn is weak so only partially ionises
also hcn is toxic
what do aldehydes and unsymmetrical ketones form when reacting with kcn and dilute sulfuric acid
they for a mixture of enantiomers because the trigonal planar carbonyl is approached from both sides by the HCN attacking species which results in a racemate.
