Amino Acids, proteins, enzymes and DNA

Question 1

What is the general structure of an amino acid

Answer 1

carboxyl group
amine group

Question 2

what does the amine group act as

Answer 2

a base
it gains a proton - protenated

Question 3

what does the carboxyl group act as

Answer 3

an acid
it loses an proton - deprotonated

Question 4

what is a zwitterion

Answer 4

it has positive and negative charges
hence why amino acid acts as a dipolar zwitterion

Question 5

why does amino acids have a high mp

Answer 5

because of the ionic attraction between the zwitterions

Question 6

properties of amino acids

Answer 6

high mp
poor non polar solvent
soluble

Question 7

how is a peptide formed

Answer 7

2 amino acids

Question 8

how is am amide linkage formed

Answer 8

amide group and carboxyl group

Question 9

what is an amide linkage

Answer 9

-CONH-

Question 10

HYDROLYSIS OF di peptides or proteins

Answer 10

they are split back into their amino acids

Question 11

what are proteins

Answer 11

they are sequences of amino acids joined together by peptide links

Question 12

what is the primary structure of an amino acid

Answer 12

the fixed sequence of amino acids

Question 13

what is the secondary structure

Answer 13

it is the 3d arrangement of amino acids

beta pleated
alpha helix

Question 14

what is the tertiary structure

Answer 14

it is the 3d folding of amino acids
held by h bonds

Question 15

what is an enzyme

Answer 15

it is a protein which acts as a catalyst

Question 16

lock and key hypothesis

Answer 16

active sire of an enzyme binds to a substrate milecule

Question 17

stereospecific active site

Answer 17

substrate is chiral than only one enantiomer has the correct stereochemistry to fit in the active site of an enzyme so only one isomer is catalysed

Question 18

how do drugs act as an enzyme inhibitor

Answer 18

they block the active site,
inhibitor binds to active site stopping substrate molecule from attaching to the enzyme

Question 19

what is DNA

Answer 19

a polymer made up of 4 different monomers which is known as a nucelotide

Question 20

what is a nucleotide

Answer 20

base
sugar
phosphate group

Question 21

how does DNA exist

Answer 21

2 complementary strands of sugar phosphate polymer chains arranged in the form of a double helix

Question 22

what is cisplatin

Answer 22

an anticancer drug

Question 23

what is the shape of cisplatin

Answer 23

square planar

Question 24

how does it work

Answer 24

2 cl ions are displaxed and one molecule joins on the DNA this stops replication as it bonds to the dna changing shape which prevents replication

in prevents by a ligand which donates a pair of electrons