Amino Acids, proteins, enzymes and DNA Flashcards
What is the general structure of an amino acid
carboxyl group
amine group
what does the amine group act as
a base
it gains a proton - protenated
what does the carboxyl group act as
an acid
it loses an proton - deprotonated
what is a zwitterion
it has positive and negative charges
hence why amino acid acts as a dipolar zwitterion
why does amino acids have a high mp
because of the ionic attraction between the zwitterions
properties of amino acids
high mp
poor non polar solvent
soluble
how is a peptide formed
2 amino acids
how is am amide linkage formed
amide group and carboxyl group
what is an amide linkage
-CONH-
HYDROLYSIS OF di peptides or proteins
they are split back into their amino acids
what are proteins
they are sequences of amino acids joined together by peptide links
what is the primary structure of an amino acid
the fixed sequence of amino acids
what is the secondary structure
it is the 3d arrangement of amino acids
beta pleated
alpha helix
what is the tertiary structure
it is the 3d folding of amino acids
held by h bonds
what is an enzyme
it is a protein which acts as a catalyst
lock and key hypothesis
active sire of an enzyme binds to a substrate milecule
stereospecific active site
substrate is chiral than only one enantiomer has the correct stereochemistry to fit in the active site of an enzyme so only one isomer is catalysed
how do drugs act as an enzyme inhibitor
they block the active site,
inhibitor binds to active site stopping substrate molecule from attaching to the enzyme
what is DNA
a polymer made up of 4 different monomers which is known as a nucelotide
what is a nucleotide
base
sugar
phosphate group
how does DNA exist
2 complementary strands of sugar phosphate polymer chains arranged in the form of a double helix
what is cisplatin
an anticancer drug
what is the shape of cisplatin
square planar
how does it work
2 cl ions are displaxed and one molecule joins on the DNA this stops replication as it bonds to the dna changing shape which prevents replication
in prevents by a ligand which donates a pair of electrons
