Carboxylic Acids + Derivatives Flashcards
Why is alkali catalysis more efficient?
Non-reversible as acid formed loses its proton by reacting with excess alkali turning it into a -ve ion which doesn’t react with the alcohol.
What products form when an ester is hydrolysed in the presence of acid and in the presence of alkali?
Acid - acid + alcohol
Alkali - salt + alcohol
What are the products of the reaction between a carboxylic acid and PCl5?
acyl chloride, POCl3 and HCl. (misty white fumes, dense white smoke with ammonia, turns damp blue litmus red).
Describe Le Chatelier’s Principle.
If a DYNAMIC equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium moves to counteract the change.
What are the products of the reaction between ethanoyl chloride and water?
ethanoic acid and HCl.
what are the products of the reaction between ethanoyl chloride and ethanol?
Ethyl ethanoate and HCl.
What are the products of the reaction between ethanoyl chloride and ammonia?
Ethanamide and ammonium chloride (HCl immediately reacts with NH3).
What is the equation for the reaction between ethanoyl chloride and ammonia?
CH3COCl + 2NH3 (aq) —> CH3CONH2 + NH4Cl
What are the products of the reaction between ethanoyl chloride and methylamine?
N-methylethanamide + HCl.
where are the double bonds in a molecule of unsaturated fat?
In the hydrocarbon chain of the carboxylic acid.
Give the equation for the reaction of ethanal with a solution of of iodine in aqueous sodium hydroxide.
CH3CHO + 3I2 + 4NaOH –> CHI3 + HCOO-Na+ + 3NaI + 3H2O
Give the equation for the oxidation of ethanol to produce ethanoic acid.
CH3CH2OH + 2[O] –> CH3CH2COOH + H2O
Give the equation for the hydrolysis of ethylethanoate in ALKALINE conditions.
CH3COOCH2CH3 + NaOH –> CH3COO-Na+ + CH3CH2OH
What do trans isomers do?
raise level of harmful form of cholesterol in blood –> increased heart disease risk.
Why is it better to use an acyl chloride rather than a carboxylic acid in esterification?
It is a stronger electrophile as the C delta + is STRONGER as Cl is more electronegative than the O in the OH group.
