Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Flashcards
List in order of reactivity, from highest to lowest, the derivatives of carboxylic acids
Acyl Chlorides Anhydrides Carboxylic acids Esters Amides
List in order of acidity from highest to lowest, ethanoic acid, water, phenol, ethanol, benzoic acid
Benzoic acid Ethanoic acid Phenol Water Ethanol
How can benzoic acid be made from methylbenzene
oxidise with acidified potassium manganate
How can a carboxylic acid be made from a nitrile
Adding water and dil.HCl
How can esters be made
In a reversible reaction adding a carboxylic acid and alcohol in a reversible reaction in the presence of a H2SO4 catalyst and heat
OR
By adding an acyl chloride and an alcohol forming HCl as a by-product
How can an ester be returned to its alcohol and acid
Using acid hydrolysis
How can an ester be returned to its alcohol and salt
Using alkaline hydrolysis
What are the properties of esters
low boiling point
insoluble in water
sweet smelling
Name four ways of making anhydrides
Acid + salt
acid + acid
acid + acyl chloride
acyl chloride + salt
Name 2 properties of anhydrides
easily hydrolysed
neutral
useful reagents
How can you make an amide from a carboxylic acid
add ammonia and heat
How do you decarboxylate a carboxylic acid
Use soda lime and heat
How do you make an ester with a carboxylic acid
Add an alcohol in conc. H2SO4
How do you make an acyl chloride from a carboxylic acid
Add PCl5
How do you test for a carboxylic acid
Add sodium hydrogencarbonate and observe effervescence
How do you make an anhydride from a carboxylic acid
Add a carboxylic acid or carboxylate salt
How do you reduce a carboxylic acid
Add lithium-tetrahydroaluminate in ether
What happens when you add ammonia to an acyl chloride
You create an amide with HCl as a by-product
What happens when you add water to an acyl chloride
You create a carboxylic acid and HCl
What happens when you add an acyl chloride to phenol
you create an ester of phenol and HCl
What happens when you add NaOH to an amide
You create a carboxylic acid and ammonia
What happens when you add HCl to an amide
You create a carboxylic acid and NH3Cl
What happens when you add lithium-tetrahydroaluminate to an amide in ether
You create an amine
Name two properties of amides
Not alkaline
Small amides are soluble
How are amides named
Multiple substitutions on the nitrogen add the use of N at the beginning of the name and the length and number of chains after eg, N-dimethylpropanamide
