Carboxylic acids and derivatives Flashcards
what can esters be formed from
alcohol and carboxylic acid forms ester and water
need strong acid catalyst
uses of esters
perfumes, solvents, glue, plasticisers
why are esters insoluble in water
(although polar) they do not have an electronegative atom bonded to a H
hydrolysis of esters reactions with acid
forms carboxylic acid and alcohol, uses water
acid catalyst, heat under reflux
reversible
hydrolysis of esters with alkali
forms salt and alcohol e.g sodium propanoate
not reversible
salt can be converted into carboxylic acid if add acid
glycerol structure and use
propane-1,2,3-triol
forms H bonds and is soluble in water
used in cosmetics, glues stc.
what is soap
long chain carboxylic acid salt
hydrophilic CO2- end mixes with water and non-polar hydrocarbon end is hydrophobic and mixes with grease
formation of biodiesil
vegetable oils can be converted into biodiesil in the presence of methanol and an acid catalyst
glycerol also forms
what is biodiesil
very long chain ester
is biodiesil carbon neutral
yes- CO2 given off is cancelled out by the CO2 absorbed when the plant is growing
no- doesn’t take into account transport, land use, energy to irrigate plants
why is benzoic acid insoluble
the benzene ring is non-polar
what does ethyl benzoate plus NaOH make
sodium benzoate and ethanol
acyl chlorides vs acid anhydrides
similar reactions
acyl chlorides mainly form HCl but acid anhydrides form carboxylic acid
acyl chloride plus alcohol
ester and HCl
acid anhydride plus alcohol
carboxylic acid plus ester
