Amines

Question 1

what can primary amines act as

Answer 1

Bronstead-lowry bases
(lone pair canaccept H+)

Question 2

why are primary amines better bases than ammonia

Answer 2

the alkyl groups push electrons towards N

Question 3

why are secondary amines better bases than primary

Answer 3

they have more alkyl groups so e- pushed more towards N
(inductive effect)

Question 4

acid plus amine makes

Answer 4

ammonium salt

Question 5

what does using an excess of ammonia ensure when making amines

Answer 5

maximum amount of primary amine formed-

Question 6

what will ensure the formation of a quaternary salt

Answer 6

using an excess of the halogenoalkane

Question 7

what can quaternary ammonium salts be used as

Answer 7

cationic surfactants
in conditioners etc.
reduce surface tension of water

Question 8

what is a better method of producing primary amines

Answer 8

convert haloalkane to nitrile
reduce nitrile to amine
with H2 and a Ni catalyst

Question 9

disadvantage of the nitrile method of producing primary amines

Answer 9

low yield as two step process
KCN is toxic