Carboxylic Acids Flashcards
1
Q
A
Carboxylic A
2
Q
A
Carboxylic Acid
3
Q
A
Acyl
4
Q
Acyl
A
- -oyl ot -yl
- Residue of the acid after removal of hydroxyl from R-COOH
5
Q
A
carboxyate anion
6
Q
carboxyate anion
A
7
Q
A
8
Q
A
Formic acid
9
Q
Formic Acid
A
- methanoic acid,
- is the simplest carboxylic acid, and has the chemical formula HCOOH.
- It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in some ants.
- The word “formic” comes from the Latin word for ant, formica, referring to its early isolation by the distillation of ant bodies.
- Esters, salts, and the anion derived from formic acid are called formates.
- Industrially, formic acid is produced from methanol.
10
Q
A
Acetic acid
11
Q
Acetic acid
A
- weak acid since it only partially dissociates in solution, but concentrated acetic acid is corrosive and can attack the skin.
- onsists of a methyl group attached to a carboxyl group.
- It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical, used primarily in the production of cellulose acetate for photographic film, polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, and synthetic fibres and fabrics.
- In biochemistry, the acetyl group, derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.
12
Q
A
Propionic acid
13
Q
Propionic acid
A
- The metabolism of propionic acid begins with its conversion to propionyl coenzyme A, the usual first step in the metabolism of carboxylic acids. Since propionic acid has three carbons, propionyl-CoA cannot directly enter either beta oxidation or the citric acid cycles. In most vertebrates, propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, which is isomerised to L-methylmalonyl-CoA. A vitamin B12-dependent enzyme catalyzes rearrangement of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, which is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle and can be readily incorporated there
14
Q
A
Butyric acid
- systematic name butanoic acid
15
Q
Butyric acid
systematic name butanoic acid
A
16
Q
A
Valeric acid or pentanoic acid
17
Q
Valeric acid or pentanoic acid
A
- straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid
18
Q
A
Benzoic acid
19
Q
Benzoic acid
A
- simplest aromatic carboxylic acid
- Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants[9] and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites.
- Salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives.
20
Q
A
21
Q
Oxalic acid
A
COOH-HOOC
22
Q
A
23
Q
Malonic Acid
A
24
Q
A
25
Succinic Acid
26
27
Glutaric Acid
28
Maleic acid
29
Maleic acid
(cis isomer)
30
31
Fumaric acid
(trans isomer)
32
Malic acid
33
* Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5.
* It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive.
* Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), though only the L-isomer exists naturally.
* The salts and esters of malic acid are known as malates.
* The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
34
