Carbonyls (Ch 13-16) Flashcards
Aldehydes undergo Nucleophilic _______ reactions.
Addition
Ketones undergo Nucleophilic ______ reactions.
Addition
Carbonyl Compounds with LGs undergo Nucleophilic ________ Reactions
Substitution
A Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction is composed of which 2 types of reactions?
Addition then Elimination
Which is more reactive: Aldehydes or Ketones?
Why?
Aldehydes
Because aldehydes are less crowded and less stable than ketones.
Two Main Steps of Nucleophilic Addition
- Nucleophilic Attack of the carbonyl carbon
- Protonation of the -O to form -OH
Nucleophilic Addition of Aldehydes and Ketones forms _____.
Alcohols
What are the 2 Steps of Nucleophilic Substitution Mechanism?
- Nucleophilic Attack of the Carbonyl C
(Moved the Double Bond e- onto the O) - the pi bond is reformed and Z comes off as a LG
Which Carboxylic Acid has the best LG?
Acid Chlorides
Carboxylic Acid Derivative with Worst LG
Amides
Which 2 compounds have LG of similar Basicity?
Esters
Carboxylic Acids
2 Ways to ID Oxidation Reaction
Increase in # of C-Z bonds
Decrease in # of C-H bonds
2 ways to ID reduction rxns
Decrease in # of C-Z bonds
Increase in # of C-H bonds
Why are Carbolxylic Acid Derivatives Called Carboxylic Acid Derivatives?
A hydrolysis rxn results in a carboxylic acid
2-ethylpentanal is what type of molecule?
aldehyde
-al suffix
C1 is the CHO carbon
When naming an ester, which side is the alkyl group and which side is the acetyl group?
The chain connected directly to the O is the alkyl.
The chain with the carbonyl carbon is the acyl group.
How to Name an Ester
1) Name the Alkyl Group
2) Name the Acyl Group
3) Suffix -oate
Alcohol + Carboxylic Acic –>
Ester
What type of molecule is propyl 3-methylbutanoate?
Ester
