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Alevel > Carbonyls > Flashcards

Carbonyls Flashcards

1
Q

Carboxylic acid and metal hydroxide

A

Metal replaces alcohol and water

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2
Q

Oxidation of primary alcohols

Distil

A

K2Cr207 and H2SO4 distil to form aldehyde and water

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3
Q

Oxidation of primary alcohol under reflux

A

2[O] K2Cr2O7. Forms carboxylic acid and water

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4
Q

Oxidation of secondary alcohol

A

Under reflux with potassium dichromate and H2 SO4 forms a ketone and water

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5
Q

Reducing agent of ketones and aldehydes

A

N a BH4
Sodium tetra hydido borate
Aldehyde or ketone is usually warmed with the reducing agent

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6
Q

Reduction of aldehyde

A

With NaBH4/H2O

Forms primary alcohol

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7
Q

Reduction of Keytone

A

With N a BH4 and H2O forms a secondary alcohol

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8
Q

Oxidation of aldehydes

A

Forms carboxylic acid under reflux with potassium dichromate and H2 SO4

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9
Q

Reaction of cyanide with aldehydes and ketones

A

Aldehyde plus HCN goes to hydroxy nitrile with N a CN/H2SO4

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10
Q

Hydroxy nitrile

A

When a hydroxyl group and a CN group are attached to the same carbon

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11
Q

Acidic Ester hydrolysis

A

Keytone plus H2 SO4 dilute acid Forms carboxylic acid and alcohol in a reversible reaction

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12
Q

Alkaline hydrolysis

A

Esther plus NaOH Forms carboxylic acid with OH group replaced with ONa Product easy to separate as no ester leftover to get rid of Na add strong acid to flood with H+ ions

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13
Q

Acid anhydride

A

When to carboxylic. Acids react form and Esther and eliminate water

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14
Q

Acyl chloride

A

When a carboxylic acid reacts with thionyl chloride Replaces hydroxyl group with chlorine

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15
Q

Acyl chloride reactions

A

When they react with amines phenols and water the chlorine gets replaced

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16
Q

Oxidation reagents

A

Potassium dichromate and H2 SO4

17
Q

Oxidisation of aldehydes and ketones

A

Ketones are less reactive and do not undergo oxidation reactions

18
Q

Reducing agent

A

NaBH4 Sodium tetrahydridoborate And water solution is warmed

19
Q

When aldehydes and ketones are reduced what did they form

20
Q

Reactions with HCN

A

Add across C=O bond

21
Q

Cyanide

A

Colourless and poisonous gas oil is just above room temperature increases the length of a carbon chain

22
Q

Aldehyde plus HCN

A

H2SO4/NaCN

Forms hydroxynitrile

23
Q

Test for carbonyls

A

2,4-DNP
Brady’s reagent
Dissolved in methanol and sulphuric acid as a pale solution

24
Q

Positive result for presence of carbonyls

A

Orange precipitate

25
Q

Distinguishing between aldehydes and ketones

A

Tollings reagent solution of silver nitrate and aqueous ammonia forms a silver mirror when an aldehyde is present

26
Q

Tollings reagent reaction

A

AG act as an oxidising agent with NH3 silver ions reduced to silver Aldehyde oxidised to carboxylic acid

27
Q

Carboxylic acid solubility

A

Soluble up to 4 carbons as polar C=O and 0H bonds form hydrogen bonds as chain length increases nonpolar carbon chain has a greater effect and solubility decreases

28
Q

Strength of carboxylic acids

A

Weak acids only partially dissociates in water

29
Q

Carboxylic acid plus base

A

Forms carboxylate salt and water magnesium ethanoate

30
Q

Test for carboxylic acids

A

Only sufficiently acidic organic compound to react with carbonates produces carbon dioxide is test with limewater

31
Q

Esterification conditions

A

Requires high temperature and concentrated acid catalyst

32
Q

Esther

A

Alcohol plus carboxylic acid warmed with H2 SO4

33
Q

Propanoic acid plus ethanol

A

Ethyl propanoate

34
Q

Hydrolysis of esters

A

By acid or alkali

35
Q

Acid hydrolysis of Astors

A

Reflux with die loot aqueous acid forms carboxylic acid and alcohol broken down by water with acid catalyst reversible reaction in equilibrium

36
Q

Alkaline hydrolysis of Astors

A

Irreversible heated under reflux’s with NAOOH forms carboxylate salt and alcohol

37
Q

NaBH4

A

Sodium tetrahydridoborate

38
Q

2,4 DNP

A

2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine

Alevel (8 decks)

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