Carbonyl

Question 1

Reduction of carbonyl

Answer 1

Reagent

1. H2, Ni, 180°C
2. Na metal in ethanol, room temp
3. Zn in HCl, room temp
4. NaBH4 in methanol and H2O
5. LiAlH4 in dry ether at O°C and hot dilute acid

Product : Alcohol

1. Add H
2. =O - - > OH

Question 2

Condensation of carbonyl

Test for what?

Answer 2

Reagent : 2,4 - dinitrophenylhydrazine

Product : 2,4 - dinitrophenylhydrazone

Question 3

Addition reactions for carbonyl

Answer 3

R: HCN
C: 10°C - 20°C
P : cyanohydrin
1. =O  to OH
2. Empty space add CN

Question 4

Acidic hydrolysis of nitrile in carbonyl

Answer 4

R : H+, H2O
P: CN - - > COOH, NH4+
OH remain

Question 5

Alkaline hydrolysis of nitrile in carbonyl

Answer 5

R : OH - and H2O
P : CN to COO-
OH remain

Question 6

Reduction of nitrile in carbonyl

Answer 6

R: H2
C:NI, 180°C
P : CN to CH2CH3
OH remain

Question 7

Oxidation of carbonyl
Aldehyde?
Ketone?

Answer 7

R: KMnO4 /H+
C : reflux
P : carboxylic acid
H to OH

R : KMnO4/ OH-
C : reflux
P : COO- + H2O

Tets for aldehyde and benzaldehyde

Question 8

Reaction with Tollen’ reagent
Test for?
Benzaldehyde?
Ketone?

Answer 8

R: diamminesilver(I) ion, [Ag(NH3)2]+
C : heat
P : RCOO-, Ag, NH3, H2O

Question 9

Recation with Fehling's solution
Test for?
Aldehyde?
Ketone?
Benzaldehye

Answer 9

R: Fehling’s reagent
C : heat
P : RCOO-, Cu2O, H+
Only aldehyde react

Question 10

Triidomethane of carbonyl

Answer 10

R: alkaline I2 in NaOH aq
C : heat
P : RCOO-, NaI, H2O, CHI3

Question 11

Carbonyl with grignard reagents

Answer 11

R: CH3MgBr, H2O
P : alcohol( 1°, 2° or 3°)
Carbon atom increase one