Carbon Cycle and Energy Security Flashcards
New York Declaration on Forests 2014
Global target to restore 350 million hectares by 2030
Coral bleaching
Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Africa’s Green Wall
Afforestation method
8000km across Sahel
Across 22 countries
100 million hectares aimed to be restored
Amazon changing climate
20 million tonnes of water into atmosphere everyday
Since 1990, more extreme drought and flood cycle occurring
UK forests
From 80% to 10% forest cover by 19th century
Arctic climate change
Temps risen by 2.5C since 1970
Twice as fast as global average
40% decrease in sea ice
Northwest passage open for summer navigation
Impacts of declining ocean health
- fishing supports 500 million people (FAO)
- 90% of those in developed countries
- only developed countries able to follow changing fish migration patterns
Deepwater Horizon 2010 - oil explosion and spill
- Gulf of Mexico
- 4.9 million barrels released into ocean
- 11 crew members dead
- drilling rig owned by BP (poor management)
- $1.6 million in damages
- 82,000 sea birds dead
Largest carbon store location
Himalayan Mountains
Russian Gas to Europe conflicts
- Russian gas delivered to Europe through 5 pipelines
Geopolitical significance: 3 cross Ukraine
Nord - Stream 2 gas pipeline (2021): passes through Baltic to bypass Ukraine problem, increasing security
France energy mix
70% electricity nuclear
30% of energy mix
Brazil Biofuel
90% new vehicles use ethanol as fuel
- reduced carbon emissions
BUT less than 5% energy comes from renewable sources
Large scale clearance of tropical rainforest for cultivation of sugar cane
Global energy mix
USA = 70% oil
France = 70% nuclear electricity
UK = 46% renewables
Iceland = 100% renewables (70% HEP, 30% geothermal)
Sponge cities
China
Permeable cities and flood pathways to mitigate flood risk
