Carbon compounds as fuels and feedstock

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

A compound formed from hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 2

What is the simplest hydrocarbon you can get?

Answer 2

Alkanes

Question 3

What series are alkanes?

Answer 3

Homologous Series

Question 4

What is a homologous series

Answer 4

A group of organic compound that react in a similar way

Question 5

What are alkanes?

Answer 5

Saturated Compounds

Question 6

What does each carbon atom form?

Answer 6

4 Single Covalent Bonds

Question 7

The shorter the carbon chain the …

Answer 7

More runny the hydrocarbon is (less viscous) it is

More volatile

Flammable

Question 8

Volatile means

Answer 8

Turns into gas at lower temp

the lower temp at which hydrocarbon vaporises or condenses and the lower its boiling point

Question 9

What do properties of hydrocarbons effect?

Answer 9

How they’re used for fuels

Question 10

What does the complete combustion of any hydrocarbon in oxygen do?

Answer 10

Release lots of energy

Question 11

What happens during combustion?

Answer 11

The carbon and hydrogen in the fuels are oxidised

Question 12

What can oxidation be defined as?

Answer 12

Gain of oxygen

Question 13

What are hydrocarbons used as?

Answer 13

Fuels due to the amount of energy released when they combust completely

Question 14

What is Crude Oil?

Answer 14

Fossil Fuel

Question 15

Whats if formed over the remains of?

Answer 15

Plants and animals, mainly plankton that died mill of yrs ago and buried in mud.
Over mill of yrs, with high temp and pressure the remains turn to crude oil which can be drilled up from the rocks where its found

Question 16

What are fossil fuels?

Answer 16

Non-renewable energy: oil, coal, and natural gas. as they take so long to make they’re being used up much faster than being formed
they’re finite resources one day will run out

Question 17

What is crude oil a mixture of?

Answer 17

Lots of different hydrocarbons most alkanes

Question 18

What are the different compounds separated by?

Answer 18

Fractional distillation

Question 19

Method for fractional distillation

Answer 19

1. The crude oil is heated to a very high temp. This causes the crude oil to boil - the hydrocarbons evaporate into gas
2. Crude oil vapour is fed into a fractional distillation column
3. Hydrocarbon vapour rises up the column
4. Hydrocarbons condense when they reach their boiling point
5. Liquid fractions removed
6. Remaining hydrocarbons continue to rise & condense when they reach their boiling point

Question 20

What does oil provide?

Answer 20

Fuel for most modern transport - cars, trains, planes etc..

Question 21

What does the petrochemical industry use?

Answer 21

Some hydrocarbons as a feedstock to make new compounds for use in things like
polymers
solvents
lubricants
detergents

Question 22

What does cracking produce?

Answer 22

Alkenes

Question 23

What are alkenes?

Answer 23

Used as a starting material when making lots of other compounds
can be used to make polymers

Question 24

What can be used to test for alkenes?

Answer 24

Bromine Water

Question 25

What happens when bromine water added to alkane?

Answer 25

No reaction will happen and it will stay bright orange

Question 26

What type of reaction is cracking?

Answer 26

Thermal Decomposition - Breaking molecules down by heating them

Question 27

Method for thermal decomposition

Answer 27

1. heat long chain of hydrocarbons to vaporise them
2. vapour passed over hot powdered aluminium oxide catalyst
3. long chain of molecules split apart on the surface of the specks of catalyst(catalytic cracking)

Question 28

How can you also crack hydrocarbons?

Answer 28

Vaporise them, mix with steam and then heat them to a high temp