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Organic Chemistry > Carbon compounds as fuel and feedstock > Flashcards

Carbon compounds as fuel and feedstock Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A molecule made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms only

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2
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes

alkAne

A

CnH2n+2

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3
Q

Name the four different alkanes

A

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

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4
Q

How many carbon atoms in methane?

A

One

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5
Q

How many carbon atoms in ethane

A

Two

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6
Q

How many carbon atoms in propane?

A

Three

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7
Q

How many carbon atoms in butane?

A

Four

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8
Q

How many covalent bonds do carbon atoms ALWAYS make?

A

FOUR

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9
Q

Scientists say that alkanes are saturated. What does this mean?

A

Saturated means that the carbon atoms are fully bonded to the hydrogen atoms with single convalent bonds

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10
Q

What is crude oil

A

A non-renewable resource

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11
Q

What is crude oil made out of?

A

Plankton fossilised from millions of years ago

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12
Q

What type of covalent bonds are in alkanes?

A

Single covalent bonds

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13
Q

How many covalent bonds do hydrogen atoms make in alkanes?

A

One

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14
Q

Explain the process of fractional distillation

A
  1. Crude Oil is heated to a very high temperature. This causes the crude oil to boil and the hydrocarbons evaporate and turn into gas
  2. This gas is fed into a fractional distillation collumn. The collumn is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top
  3. The hydrocarbon vapours rise up the collumn and then condense into a liquid when they reach their boiling point.
    Long-chain hydrocarbons have very high boiling points and they condense at the bottom of the collumn. Short-chain hydrocarbons have very low boiling points and they continue to rise, then condense when they reach their boiling points.
  4. The liquid fractions are then removed from the collumn
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15
Q

How are the different fractions separated in fractional distillation

A

They are separated using their different boiling points

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16
Q

Name two different fuels that are come from crude oil in fractional distillation

A

Diesel

Petrol

17
Q

What is diesel used for?

A

Fuel for lorries

18
Q

What is petrol used for?

A

Fuel for cars

19
Q

What is viscosity?

A

The thickness of a liquid

20
Q

What happens to the viscosity of hydrocarbons with increasing molecular size

A

Viscosity increases

21
Q

What is flammability?

A

How easily a hydrocarbon combusts

22
Q

What happens to the flammability of hydrocarbons with increasing molecular size

A

Flammability decreases

23
Q

Do long-chain hydrocarbons have high or low viscosity?

A

High viscosity

24
Q

Do short-chain hydrocarbons have high or low viscosity?

A

Low viscosity

25
Q

Do long-chain hydrocarbons have high or low to flammabilty

A

Low flammability

they are hard to combust

26
Q

Do short-chain hydrocarbons have high or low flammability?

A

High flammability

they are easy to combust

27
Q

What happens to the boiling points of hydrocarbons with increasing molecular size

A

The boiling point increases

28
Q

Do long-chain hydrocarbons have high or low boiling points?

A

High boiling points

29
Q

Do short-chain hydrocarbons have high or low boiling points?

A

Low boiling points

30
Q

The combustion of hydrocarbons releases ___

fill in the blank

A

The combustion of hydrocarbons releases energy

31
Q

What happens to the carbon and hydrogen in hydrocarbons when they are combusted?

A

The carbon and oxygen are oxidised

32
Q

What are the products of the complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

Carbon dioxide + Water

33
Q

What causes combustion to be complete

A

When there is an excess of oxygen

34
Q

What is the complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

When hydrocarbons burn completely in an excess of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water

35
Q

What is incomplete combustion

A

A combustion reaction in which hydrocarbons are not completely burned as there is not a sufficient supply of oxygen

36
Q

What are the porducts of incomplete combustion?

A

carbon (soot) + carbon monoxide + water

37
Q

What are the tests to find out the presence of water as a product of complete combustion?

A

Anhydrous copper sulfate changes colour from white to blue when water is present
or
Cobalt chloride paper changes colour from blue to pink when water is present

38
Q

Why is it dangerous for the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons to occur in a home setting

A

Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons produces carbon monoxide. This is a toxic gas which binds to haemoglobinin blood instead of oxygen

Organic Chemistry (10 decks)

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