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organic chemistry > Addition reactions of alkenes and alcohols > Flashcards

Addition reactions of alkenes and alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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2
Q

Name the first four alkenes

A
  1. Ethene
  2. Propene
  3. Butene
  4. Pentene
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3
Q

What must ALL alekenes have?

A

Double covalent bond between adjacent carbon atoms

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4
Q

What is the molecular formula for ethene?

A

C2H4

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5
Q

What is the molecular formula for propene?

A

C3H6

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6
Q

What is the molecular formula for butene?

A

C4H8

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7
Q

What is the molecular formula for pentene?

A

C5H10

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8
Q

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated

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9
Q

Why are alkenes unsaturated?

A

They have 2 fewer hydrogen atoms for the same number of carbon atoms

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10
Q

What is it called when alkenes react with hydrogen?

A

Hydrogenation

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11
Q

What is the functional group in alkenes?

A

The carbon to carbon double bond

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12
Q

What is meant by a functional group?

A

The part of a molecule which determines how it reacts

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13
Q

What is produced when alkenes react with hydrogen?

A

An alkane

A not E, because it becomes saturated

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14
Q

What happens to alekenes when they react with hydrogen?

A

They become saturated

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15
Q

What conditions are required to react hydrogen with alkenes?

A

150 degrees Celcius

Nickel Catalyst

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16
Q

What is produced when alkenes completely combust?

A

They produce CO2 and Water, the same as other hydrocarbons

17
Q

What happens when alkenes react with air

A

The carbon does not burn completely so the alkene incompletely combusts due to an insufficient supply of oxygen

This produces a smoky flame

18
Q

What is the reaction between alkenes and water called?

A

Hydration

19
Q

What state must water be in for the hydration of alkenes to occur?

A

Steam

20
Q

What is the product of the hydration of alkenes?

A

Alcohol

21
Q

What are the conditions required for the hydration of alkenes to take place?

A

300 degrees Celcius
Phosphoric acid catalyst
Water must be steam

22
Q

What conditions are required for the addition reaction of halogens to alkenes?

A

No specific conditions

23
Q

Why aren’t specific conditions required for the addition reaction between halogens and alkenes?

A

Alkenes react rapidly with halogens

24
Q

How do you write the name of the product from the addition reaction between a halogen and an alkene?

A

e.g. ethene reacts with iodine
1. Take -ine and add -o = iodo
2. add di at the beginning = diiodo
3. Add the alkane counterpart of the alkene at the end (after o) = diiodoethane
= diiodoethane

25
Q

Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes?

A

More atoms can be easily reacted with the carbons at the double bond in an addition reaction

organic chemistry (10 decks)

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