Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Question 1

Hydrocarbons

Answer 1

molecules consisting of only C and H, prevalent in fat, which is what makes fat insoluble in water (hydrophobic)

Question 2

Different variants/types of hydrocarbons

Answer 2

Differ in length, branching, double bond, rings, etc.

Question 3

Isomers

Answer 3

compounds with same chemical formula but different structures

Question 4

structural isomers

Answer 4

differ in covalent partners

Question 5

cis-trans isomers

Answer 5

differ in double bond arrangement

Question 6

enantiomers

Answer 6

asymmetric structures (mirror images of each other)

Question 7

Functional groups

Answer 7

chemical groups directly involved in chemical reactions

Question 8

Hydroxyl

Answer 8

-OH, polar bonds with H2O, compound name alcohol

Question 9

Carbonyl

Answer 9

C=O, ketones if at end of carbon skeleton, aldehyde if within carbon skeleton

Question 10

Carboxyl

Answer 10

-COOH, acts as acid (donates H+), compound name carboxylic acid/organic acid

Question 11

Amino

Answer 11

-NH2, acts as base (takes H+), compound name amine

Question 12

Sulfhydryl

Answer 12

-SH, compound name thiol

Question 13

Phosphate

Answer 13

-OPO23-, can give molecule ability to react with water/release energy (prevalent in ATP)

Question 14

Methyl

Answer 14

-CH3, non-reactive