Carbohydrates- Polysaccharides

Question 1

Describe and explain how the structural adaptation of cellulose helps it to perform its function.

Answer 1

1. Made up of long, straight chains of B-glucose
   —> strength and rigidity to the cell wall
2. Chains are held together by many hydrogen bonds
   —> strength and rigidity to the cell wall
3. Bundles of chains form microfibrils
   —> strength and rigidity to the cell wall
4. Large and insoluble
   —> does not dissolve in water

Question 2

Describe and explain how the structural adaptations of glycogen helps it to perform its function.

Answer 2

1. Made up of many A-glucose molecules
   —> lots of glucose molecules available for respiration
2. Has a branched structure
   —> high S.A for enzymes to hydrolyse glucose, so after reactions so more glucose for respiration
3. Large molecule
   —> osmotically inactive as it is insoluble
4. Large molecule
   —> cannot cross the cell membrane so remains in the cell

Question 3

Describe and explain how the structural adaptations of starch helps it to perform its function.

Answer 3

1. Made up of many A-glucose molecules
   —> lots of glucose available for respiration
2. Has a helical structure
   —> is tightly compact, so a large quantity of glucose can be stored in a small space
3. Large molecule
   —> insoluble so is osmotically inactive
4. Large molecule
   —> cannot cross the cell membrane so remains in the cell