Carbohydrates & Lipids Flashcards
What is a monomer? (1)
What is a monomer? (1)
A monomer is a small, identical molecule from which larger molecules called polymers are made via condensation reactions
What is a polymer? (1)
Polymers are large molecules made from joining 3 or more similar monomers together
What is a condensation reaction? (1)
removal of one water molecule which forms a bond
Give 2 examples of monomers (2)
Alpha/Beta glucose
Nucleotides
Amino acids
Give 2 examples of polymers (2)
Nucleic Acids
Cellulose
Starch
Protein
Name the bond formed between two monosaccharides (1)
Glycosidic bond
What is an isomer? (1)
same chemical formula
different structure
Draw the structure of alpha glucose (1)
https://www.google.com/search?q=structure+of+alpha+glucose&rlz=1C1VDKB_en-GBGB967GB967&sxsrf=ALiCzsa9otHIICek5tboH32WQ6Ai9k1dTA:1651412793402&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUmLaHuL73AhWSX8AKHRSzAr0Q_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1280&bih=601&dpr=1.5#imgrc=Od39dZJh972gdM
Q
Which monosaccharides form maltose and which enzyme is used to hydrolyse maltose? (2)
Alpha Glucose and Alpha Glucose
Enzyme - Maltase
Which monosaccharides form lactose and which enzyme is used to hydrolyse lactose? (2)
Alpha Glucose and Galactose
Enzyme - Lactase
Which monosaccharides form sucrose and which enzyme is used to hydrolyse sucrose? (2)
Alpha Glucose and Fructose
Enzyme - Sucrase
Give three features of starch and explain how these enable it to act as a storage substance. (3)
Helical so compact
Insoluble so doesn’t affect water potential
Large molecule so does not leave cell
Branched chains (1:4 and 1:6 glycosidic bonds) so rapid hydrolysis to remove glucose for respiration
The structure of cellulose is related to it’s role in plant cell walls. Explain how. (3)
Long straight unbranched chains of beta glucose monomers
Joined by MANY WEAK hydrogen bonds
Form microfibrils
Provide increased strength
Hydrogen bonds are important in cellulose molecules. Explain why. (2)
Hydrogen bonds are important in cellulose molecules. Explain why. (2)