Biodiversity & Classification Flashcards
What is meant by biodiversity? (1)
number of individuals of each species within the community
Q
What is meant by species richness? (1)
number of different species in a community
What is meant by a community? (1)
ALL individuals of ALL species living together in the same area at the same time
Q
What is a species? (2)
- Group of similar organisms
- Reproduce to produce fertile offspring
Q
Explain what is meant by a hierarchy? (2)
A
1. Groups within groups
2. No overlap between groups
Explain what is meant by a phylogenetic group (1)
A
grouped according to evolutionary links
Explain what is meant by genetic diversity (1)
difference in DNA base sequence
Explain what is meant by a niche (2)
A
1. An organisms role in the community / ecosystem
2. How organisms interact with other species and responds to the environment
Q
How to calculate diversity index?
A
( N (n - 1) ) / sum of n (n-1)
N = total number of organisms of ALL species
n = total number of organisms of EACH species
Q
What information is required to calculate an index of diversity for a particular community? (2)
- Number of species
- Number of individuals of each species
List the order of the hierarchy. Start with the largest group.
A
1. Domain
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species
Give two ways doctors could use base sequences to compare different types of HPV (3)
A
1. Compare DNA base sequence
2. Compare mRNA base sequence
3. Look for mutations
State three comparisons of genetic diversity that the scientist could have used to generate a classification (3)
- DNA base sequence
- mRNA base sequence
- Amino acid sequence
The number of species present is one way to measure biodiversity. Explain why an index of diversity may be a more useful measure of biodiversity.
- Measures number of individuals in a species
- Some species may be present in low/high numbers
In classification, comparing the base sequence of a gene provides more information than comparing the amino acid sequence for which the gene codes. Explain why. (3)
- More bases than amino acids / longer base sequence than amino acid sequence
- Introns/non-coding DNA;
- Same amino acid may be coded for / DNA code is degenerate