Carbohydrates and lipids Definitions

Question 1

Proton

Answer 1

a positively charged particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 2

Electron

Answer 2

a negatively charged particle that orbits around the nucleus of an atom

Question 3

Neutron

Answer 3

a particle with no charge that is found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 4

Monomers

Answer 4

the smaller units from which larger molecules are made

Question 5

Polymers

Answer 5

large macromolecules composed of smaller repeating subunits(i.e. monomers) via condensation reactions

Question 6

Polysaccharides

Answer 6

carbohydrate polymers comprised of many(i.e. hundreds to thousands) monosaccharides

Question 7

Monosaccharide

Answer 7

a sugar that cannot be broken down into simple sugar

Question 8

Glycosidic bond

Answer 8

a covalent chemical bond that joins a carbohydrate(sugar) molecule to another group(which may be another carbohydrate or not)

Question 9

Oligosaccharide

Answer 9

a carbohydrate that is composed of 2-10 monosaccharides

Question 10

Glycoproteins

Answer 10

molecules consisting of carbohydrate chains attached to a membrane protein

Question 11

Glycolipids

Answer 11

molecules consisting of carbohydrate chains attached to a lipid molecule

Question 12

Antigen

Answer 12

a unique molecule present on the surface of a cell that induces an immune response

Question 13

Single bond

Answer 13

a chemical bond where one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms

Question 14

Double bond

Answer 14

a chemical bond where two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms

Question 15

Saturated

Answer 15

referring to compounds in which all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds

Question 16

Unsaturated

Answer 16

referring to compounds in which one or more carbon-carbon bonds are not single bonds(e.g. double bonds)

Question 17

Monounsaturated fatty acid

Answer 17

a fatty acid with one C=C double bond

Question 18

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

Answer 18

a fatty acid with two or more C=C double bonds

Question 19

Glyceride

Answer 19

an ester formed from glycerol and fatty acids

Question 20

Phospholipid

Answer 20

a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule

Question 21

Amphipathic

Answer 21

having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts

Question 22

Cis-fatty acid

Answer 22

a type of unsaturated fatty acid where the hydrogen atoms bonded to the double-bonded carbon atoms are on the same side

Question 23

Trans-fatty acid

Answer 23

a type of unsaturated fatty acid where the hydrogen atoms bonded to the double-bonded carbon atoms are on opposite sides