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Biological Molecules > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which monomers make carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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2
Q

Name 3 monosaccharides:

A

Glucose, fructose and galactose

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3
Q

What bond is formed between 2 monosaccharides?

A

1,4 glycosidic bond

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4
Q

What is formed when a condensation reaction forms between 2 monosaccharides?

A

A disaccharide

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5
Q

What is maltose made from?

A

2 alpha-glucose molecules

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6
Q

What is sucrose made from?

A

An alpha-glucose molecule and a fructose molecule

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7
Q

What is lactose made from?

A

An alpha-glucose molecule and a galactose molecule

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8
Q

How are polysaccharides formed?

A

Joining together of multiple monosaccharides

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9
Q

What is the structure of glycogen?

A

Branched chain of alpha-glucose molecules, 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds.

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10
Q

What is the structure of starch?

A

Made from amylose and amylopectin.

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11
Q

What is the structure of amylose?

A

Chain of alpha-glucose molecules, 1,4 glycosidic bonds, coiled into spirals

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12
Q

What is the structure of amylopectin?

A

Branched chains of alpha-glucose molecules, 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds.

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13
Q

What is the structure of cellulose?

A

Straight chains of beta-glucose forming strong microfibrils, 1,4 glycosidic bonds

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14
Q

What is the function of starch and glycogen?

A

Energy stores

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15
Q

What is the function of cellulose?

A

Structural

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16
Q

How do you conduct the Benedict’s test for reducing sugars?

A
  1. Add Benedict’s reagent to a sample.
  2. Place in water bath to heat.
  3. If sample forms a green, yellow, orange, brick red precipitate a reducing sugar is present.
  4. If the sample stays blue a no reducing sugar is present.
17
Q

How do you conduct the Benedict’s test for non-reducing sugars?

A
  1. Add Benedict’s reagent to a sample.
  2. Place in water bath to heat.
  3. If stays blue, no reducing sugar present.
  4. Heat a new sample with dilute HCl.
  5. Neutralise by adding sodium hydrogencarbonate.
  6. Heat sample with Benedict’s reagent.
  7. If sample forms green, yellow, orange, brick-red precipitate non-reducing sugar present.
  8. If it stays blue, no non-reducing sugar present.
18
Q

Draw alpha-glucose:

A

alpha glucose

19
Q

Draw beta-glucose:

A

beta glucose

20
Q

How do you conduct the iodine test for starch?

A
  1. Add iodine dissolved in potassium iodide solution to test sample
  2. If starch is present sample changes from brown to a dark blue-black colour.

Biological Molecules (10 decks)

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