Carbohydrates Flashcards
Epimer
2 sugars that differ in the configuration of 1 carbon (type of diasteriomer). Require 2+ chiral centers.
Anomeric carbon
Epimer at the hemiacetal/acetal carbon. Also known as reducing end.
Mutarotation
Conversion between alpha and beta anomers.
5 membered O containing ring
Furan ring.
6 membered O containing ring
Pyran ring
Disaccharides
Formed by condensation reaction between alcohol groups of two monosaccharides.
Aldehyde + alcohol =`
Hemiacetal.
Ketone + alcohol =
Hemiketal.
Linkage between two monosaccharides
O-glycosidic linkage.
Functions of homopolysaccharides
Energy storage and structural function.
Functions of heteropolysaccharides
Structural function and cellular function.
What is the main storage polysaccharide in plants?
Starch, a mixture of two homopolysaccharides of glucose
Glycogen
Main carbohydrate storage system in animal cells, mainly stored in the liver.
Amylopectin
Branched homopolysaccharide, glucose is the monomer.
Cellulose
Fibrous, water insoluble polymer of unbranched homopolysaccharide of glucose found in the cell wall of plants.
Branched heteropolysaccharides
Mono and oligosaccharides added onto proteins.
N-linked oligosaccharides
Added onto proteins in preassembled oligosaccharide units, added to proteins destined to the extracellular side.
O-linked oligosaccharides
Added to proteins one monosaccharide at a time, added to proteins that are destined to the intra and extracellular sides.
