Carbohydrates

Question 1

Epimer

Answer 1

2 sugars that differ in the configuration of 1 carbon (type of diasteriomer). Require 2+ chiral centers.

Question 2

Anomeric carbon

Answer 2

Epimer at the hemiacetal/acetal carbon. Also known as reducing end.

Question 3

Mutarotation

Answer 3

Conversion between alpha and beta anomers.

Question 4

5 membered O containing ring

Answer 4

Furan ring.

Question 5

6 membered O containing ring

Answer 5

Pyran ring

Question 6

Disaccharides

Answer 6

Formed by condensation reaction between alcohol groups of two monosaccharides.

Question 7

Aldehyde + alcohol =`

Answer 7

Hemiacetal.

Question 8

Ketone + alcohol =

Answer 8

Hemiketal.

Question 9

Linkage between two monosaccharides

Answer 9

O-glycosidic linkage.

Question 10

Functions of homopolysaccharides

Answer 10

Energy storage and structural function.

Question 11

Functions of heteropolysaccharides

Answer 11

Structural function and cellular function.

Question 12

What is the main storage polysaccharide in plants?

Answer 12

Starch, a mixture of two homopolysaccharides of glucose

Question 13

Glycogen

Answer 13

Main carbohydrate storage system in animal cells, mainly stored in the liver.

Question 14

Amylopectin

Answer 14

Branched homopolysaccharide, glucose is the monomer.

Question 15

Cellulose

Answer 15

Fibrous, water insoluble polymer of unbranched homopolysaccharide of glucose found in the cell wall of plants.

Question 16

Branched heteropolysaccharides

Answer 16

Mono and oligosaccharides added onto proteins.

Question 17

N-linked oligosaccharides

Answer 17

Added onto proteins in preassembled oligosaccharide units, added to proteins destined to the extracellular side.

Question 18

O-linked oligosaccharides

Answer 18

Added to proteins one monosaccharide at a time, added to proteins that are destined to the intra and extracellular sides.