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Biochemistry I > Amino Acids > Flashcards

Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q

Proteins are…

A

Linear heteropolymers of alpha amino acids.

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2
Q

Proteins only contain which type of amino acids?

A

L amino acids.

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3
Q

All amino acids are chiral except…

A

Glycine.

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4
Q

Nonpolar, aliphatic R group side chains

A

R side chain is an alkyl group.

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5
Q

Aromatic R group side chains

A

R side chain is an aromatic group.

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6
Q

Polar, uncharged R group side chains

A

Can form hydrogen bonds (have an oxygen or nitrogen). Cysteine can form disulfide bonds (has a sulfur).

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7
Q

Positively charged R groups

A

Long chains, contain positively charged amino groups. Histidine has N but forms a ring.

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8
Q

Negatively charged R groups

A

Have a deprotonated carboxyl group.

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9
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

A

Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine.

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10
Q

What are the conditionally non-essential amino acids?

A

Arginine, cystine, glutamine, glycine, proline, tyrosine.

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11
Q

What are the non-essential amino acids?

A

Alanine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate and serine.

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12
Q

The carboxylic acid of an amino acid will be protonated at…

A

An acidic (low) pH. First to deprotonate.

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13
Q

The amino group of an amino acid will be deprotonated at…

A

A basic (high) pH. Last to deprotonate.

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14
Q

At a low pH, amino acids are…

A

Positively charged.

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15
Q

At a high pH, amino acids are…

A

Negatively charged.

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16
Q

At the isoelectric point…

A

The amino acid is least soluble in water and does not migrate in an electric field.

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17
Q

Average molecule weight of an amino acid

A

110

18
Q

How many nucleotides for one amino acid?

A

3

19
Q

Glycine

A

Gly

Nonpolar

20
Q

Alanine

A

Ala

Nonpolar

21
Q

Proline

A

Pro

Nonpolar

22
Q

Valine

A

Val

Nonpolar

23
Q

Leucine

A

Leu

Nonpolar

24
Q

Isoleucine

A

Ile

Nonpolar

25
Q

Methionine

A

Met

Nonpolar

26
Q

Phenylalanine

A

Phe

Aromatic

27
Q

Tyrosine

A

Try

Aromatic

28
Q

Tryptophan

A

Trp

Aromatic

29
Q

Serine

A

Ser

Polar, uncharged

30
Q

Threonine

A

Thr

Polar, uncharged

31
Q

Cysteine

A

Cys

Polar, uncharged

32
Q

Asparagine

A

Asn

Polar, uncharged

33
Q

Glutamine

A

Gln

Polar, uncharged

34
Q

Lysine

A

Lys

Positive

35
Q

Histidine

A

His

Positive

36
Q

Arginine

A

Arg

Positive

37
Q

Aspartate

A

Asp

Negative

38
Q

Glutamate

A

Glu

Negative

39
Q

Nonpolat, aromatic and polar amino acids all have a pI around…

A

5/6

40
Q

Positively charged amino acids have a pI around…

A

9/10. This is because they have a positively charged amino group in their side chain which gets deprotonated at a high pH.

41
Q

Negatively charged amino acids have a pI around…

A

2/3. This is because they have a negatively charged side chain that is deprotonated at a low pH.

Biochemistry I (10 decks)

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