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biological molecules > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the elements in a carbohydrate?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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2
Q

General formula of a carbohydrate?

A

CnH2nOn

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3
Q

Name the three functions of carbohydrates?

A

Source of energy, store or energy and structural units

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4
Q

Formula for glucose?

A

C6 H12 O6

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5
Q

Why is glucose a good energy source?

A

There is a high number or C to H bonds, which can release energy

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6
Q

What are the two isomers of glucose?

A

Alpha and Beta glucose

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7
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

A reaction that occurs when two molecules are joined together with the removal of water

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8
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A

A reaction that occurs when a molecule is split into two smaller molecules with the addition of water

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9
Q

Describe condensation reaction in terms of carbohydrates

A

Two monosaccharides join in a condensation reaction where water is made, forming a disaccharide

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10
Q

Describe a hydrolysis reaction in terms of carbohydrates

A

The splitting of a disaccharide to form two monosaccharides with the addition of water

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11
Q

Alpha glucose + alpha glucose = what?

A

Maltose

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12
Q

Alpha glucose + fructose = what?

A

Sucrose

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13
Q

B galactose+ alpha glucose = what?

A

Lactose

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14
Q

Name a reducing sugar

A

Maltose and lactose

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15
Q

Name a non-reducing sugar

A

Sucrose

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16
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Made up of monosaccharides

17
Q

What is starch made of?

A

Alpha glucose, in two forms amylose and amylopectin

18
Q

Describe amylose

A 
Alpha glucose
Glycosidic bonds between carbon 1-4
Coiling= compact structure 
Insoluble
Hydrogen bonding 
Alpha helix structure
19
Q

Describe amylopectin

A

Alpha glucose
Glycosidic bonds between carbons 1-4 and 1-6
Branching, easy access

20
Q

Describe glycogen

A

Found in animals
Alpha glucose
Glycosidic bonds between carbons 1-4 and 1-6
Shorter coiling= more compact

21
Q

Describe cellulose

A 
Mechanical strength in plants
Tough 
Insoluble
Fibrous 
Beta glucose 
Glycosidic bonds 1-5

biological molecules (6 decks)

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