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Food Tec Level 3 > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

Sources of Starch

A 
Bread 
rice 
pasta 
Potato’s 
Cereal products
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2
Q

Function of starch

A

Provides slow release energy

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3
Q

Deficiency of starch

A

Fatigue
Weakness
Delayed healing
Immune system problems

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4
Q

Excess of starch

A

Obesity (excess stored as fat)

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5
Q

Sources of sugar

A

Fruit
Milk
Preservatives
Confectionary

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6
Q

Function of sugar

A

Quick release energy

Raises blood sugar levels

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7
Q

Deficiency of sugar

A

Low blood sugar levels

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8
Q

Excess of sugar

A

High blood sugar
Diabetes
Rotting teeth

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9
Q

What is soluble NSP

A

Dietary fibre
It’s not digested by the body
Absorbed by water

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10
Q

Sources of soluble NSP

A

Oats
Rice
Fruit
Barley

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11
Q

Function of soluble NSP

A

Reduce blood cholesterol
Maintain digestive system
Regulate blood sugar levels

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12
Q

Deficiency of soluble and insoluble NSP

A

Poor digestive health
Weight gain
Poor blood sugar control

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13
Q

Excess of soluble and Insoluble NSP

A 
Flatulence 
Bloating 
Audible digestive noises 
Diarrhoea 
Contraption 
Cramping
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14
Q

What is insoluble NSP

A

Dietary fibre

Not digested by the body

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15
Q

Sources of insoluble NSP

A

Wheat
Whole grain cereal products
Fruit/ veg skins

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16
Q

Function of insoluble NSP

A

Incenses bulk of stools
Stimulates digestive system
Prevents constipation

17
Q

What are monosaccharides

A

Sugar
Similar carb
C6H10O6
E.g glucose fructose galactose

18
Q

What are disaccharides

A

Sugar
Simple carbs
Formed when 2 monosaccharides join
C12H22O11

19
Q

What are simple polysaccharides

A

Complex carb
Long chain of 1 type of monosaccharide
E.g starch cellulose glycogen
Usually insoluble in water

20
Q

What are complex polysaccharides

A

Complex carb
Long chains of different monosaccharides joined together
Often branched
e.g pectin gums

21
Q

What is glucose

A

Monosaccharide
Reducing sugar
Alpha and beta glucose the hydroxyl group (OH) is at the bottom in alpha glucose
(Will try and put a picture in)

22
Q

What is fructose

A

Monosaccharide
One and a half times sweeter than glucose
Invert sugar (jams + honey)
It’s structure changes when joined with other sugars
(Will add diagram)

23
Q

What is maltose

A

Disaccharide
Formed by joining 2 glucose molecules in a condensation reaction
Forms a glycosidic bond
Reducing sugar

24
Q

What is galactose .

A

Monosaccharide

not found in food is formed when lactose is digested

25
Q

What is sucrose

A

Disaccharide
Non reducing sugar
Formed from glucose and fructose
E.g caster sugar

26
Q

What is lactose

A

Disaccharide
Found only in milk
Reducing sugar
Formed from glucose and galactose

27
Q

What is starch (carbohydrate)

A

Simple polysaccharide
Amylase: 50-500 glucose units joined in a straight line
Amylopectin: up to 100,000 glucose joined in a branched structure
Insoluble in water
Broken by hydrolysis

28
Q

What is glycogen

A

Simple polysaccharide
Animals store it in their muscles and liver it’s converted to glucose when needed
Branched chains

29
Q

What is cellulose

A 
Simple polysaccharide 
Insoluble 
Long chains of glucose 
Found in cell walls 
Important for Providing NSP
30
Q

What is pectin

A

Complex polysaccharide
Found in fruit, root vegetables, apples and citrus peels
Gelling agent e.g jam making

31
Q

What is gums

A

Complex polysaccharide
Produced by plants
Used as thickeners stabilisers and gelling agents

32
Q

What is modified starch

A

Classed as a smart food
Use in low fat meals
Just add water products e.g sauces Garvey pot noodle
When heated it thickens but leaves no lumps

33
Q

What is Amylase

A

Enzyme
Breaks down carbs
Produced in saliva glands pancreas and small intestine

34
Q

What is an intrinsic sugar

A

Found within the cellular structure of foods e.g fruit or veg

35
Q

What is an extrinsic sugar

A

They aren’t within the cellular structure in food e.g. lactose

36
Q

What is a non intrinsic sugar

A

Occurs naturally in milk and milk products

37
Q

What is non milk extrinsic sugar

A

In fruit juices honey anything with added sugar

Excess leads to tooth decay

Food Tec Level 3 (9 decks)

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