Carbohydrates

Question 1

Sources of Starch

Answer 1

Bread 
rice 
pasta 
Potato’s 
Cereal products

Question 2

Function of starch

Answer 2

Provides slow release energy

Question 3

Deficiency of starch

Answer 3

Fatigue
Weakness
Delayed healing
Immune system problems

Question 4

Excess of starch

Answer 4

Obesity (excess stored as fat)

Question 5

Sources of sugar

Answer 5

Fruit
Milk
Preservatives
Confectionary

Question 6

Function of sugar

Answer 6

Quick release energy

Raises blood sugar levels

Question 7

Deficiency of sugar

Answer 7

Low blood sugar levels

Question 8

Excess of sugar

Answer 8

High blood sugar
Diabetes
Rotting teeth

Question 9

What is soluble NSP

Answer 9

Dietary fibre
It’s not digested by the body
Absorbed by water

Question 10

Sources of soluble NSP

Answer 10

Oats
Rice
Fruit
Barley

Question 11

Function of soluble NSP

Answer 11

Reduce blood cholesterol
Maintain digestive system
Regulate blood sugar levels

Question 12

Deficiency of soluble and insoluble NSP

Answer 12

Poor digestive health
Weight gain
Poor blood sugar control

Question 13

Excess of soluble and Insoluble NSP

Answer 13

Flatulence 
Bloating 
Audible digestive noises 
Diarrhoea 
Contraption 
Cramping

Question 14

What is insoluble NSP

Answer 14

Dietary fibre

Not digested by the body

Question 15

Sources of insoluble NSP

Answer 15

Wheat
Whole grain cereal products
Fruit/ veg skins

Question 16

Function of insoluble NSP

Answer 16

Incenses bulk of stools
Stimulates digestive system
Prevents constipation

Question 17

What are monosaccharides

Answer 17

Sugar
Similar carb
C6H10O6
E.g glucose fructose galactose

Question 18

What are disaccharides

Answer 18

Sugar
Simple carbs
Formed when 2 monosaccharides join
C12H22O11

Question 19

What are simple polysaccharides

Answer 19

Complex carb
Long chain of 1 type of monosaccharide
E.g starch cellulose glycogen
Usually insoluble in water

Question 20

What are complex polysaccharides

Answer 20

Complex carb
Long chains of different monosaccharides joined together
Often branched
e.g pectin gums

Question 21

What is glucose

Answer 21

Monosaccharide
Reducing sugar
Alpha and beta glucose the hydroxyl group (OH) is at the bottom in alpha glucose
(Will try and put a picture in)

Question 22

What is fructose

Answer 22

Monosaccharide
One and a half times sweeter than glucose
Invert sugar (jams + honey)
It’s structure changes when joined with other sugars
(Will add diagram)

Question 23

What is maltose

Answer 23

Disaccharide
Formed by joining 2 glucose molecules in a condensation reaction
Forms a glycosidic bond
Reducing sugar

Question 24

What is galactose .

Answer 24

Monosaccharide

not found in food is formed when lactose is digested

Question 25

What is sucrose

Answer 25

Disaccharide Non reducing sugar Formed from glucose and fructose E.g caster sugar

Question 26

What is lactose

Answer 26

Disaccharide Found only in milk Reducing sugar Formed from glucose and galactose

Question 27

What is starch (carbohydrate)

Answer 27

Simple polysaccharide Amylase: 50-500 glucose units joined in a straight line Amylopectin: up to 100,000 glucose joined in a branched structure Insoluble in water Broken by hydrolysis

Question 28

What is glycogen

Answer 28

Simple polysaccharide Animals store it in their muscles and liver it’s converted to glucose when needed Branched chains

Question 29

What is cellulose

Answer 29

``` Simple polysaccharide Insoluble Long chains of glucose Found in cell walls Important for Providing NSP ```

Question 30

What is pectin

Answer 30

Complex polysaccharide Found in fruit, root vegetables, apples and citrus peels Gelling agent e.g jam making

Question 31

What is gums

Answer 31

Complex polysaccharide Produced by plants Used as thickeners stabilisers and gelling agents

Question 32

What is modified starch

Answer 32

Classed as a smart food Use in low fat meals Just add water products e.g sauces Garvey pot noodle When heated it thickens but leaves no lumps

Question 33

What is Amylase

Answer 33

Enzyme Breaks down carbs Produced in saliva glands pancreas and small intestine

Question 34

What is an intrinsic sugar

Answer 34

Found within the cellular structure of foods e.g fruit or veg

Question 35

What is an extrinsic sugar

Answer 35

They aren’t within the cellular structure in food e.g. lactose

Question 36

What is a non intrinsic sugar

Answer 36

Occurs naturally in milk and milk products

Question 37

What is non milk extrinsic sugar

Answer 37

In fruit juices honey anything with added sugar | Excess leads to tooth decay