Carbohydrates Flashcards
Sources of Starch
Bread rice pasta Potato’s Cereal products
Function of starch
Provides slow release energy
Deficiency of starch
Fatigue
Weakness
Delayed healing
Immune system problems
Excess of starch
Obesity (excess stored as fat)
Sources of sugar
Fruit
Milk
Preservatives
Confectionary
Function of sugar
Quick release energy
Raises blood sugar levels
Deficiency of sugar
Low blood sugar levels
Excess of sugar
High blood sugar
Diabetes
Rotting teeth
What is soluble NSP
Dietary fibre
It’s not digested by the body
Absorbed by water
Sources of soluble NSP
Oats
Rice
Fruit
Barley
Function of soluble NSP
Reduce blood cholesterol
Maintain digestive system
Regulate blood sugar levels
Deficiency of soluble and insoluble NSP
Poor digestive health
Weight gain
Poor blood sugar control
Excess of soluble and Insoluble NSP
Flatulence Bloating Audible digestive noises Diarrhoea Contraption Cramping
What is insoluble NSP
Dietary fibre
Not digested by the body
Sources of insoluble NSP
Wheat
Whole grain cereal products
Fruit/ veg skins
Function of insoluble NSP
Incenses bulk of stools
Stimulates digestive system
Prevents constipation
What are monosaccharides
Sugar
Similar carb
C6H10O6
E.g glucose fructose galactose
What are disaccharides
Sugar
Simple carbs
Formed when 2 monosaccharides join
C12H22O11
What are simple polysaccharides
Complex carb
Long chain of 1 type of monosaccharide
E.g starch cellulose glycogen
Usually insoluble in water
What are complex polysaccharides
Complex carb
Long chains of different monosaccharides joined together
Often branched
e.g pectin gums
What is glucose
Monosaccharide
Reducing sugar
Alpha and beta glucose the hydroxyl group (OH) is at the bottom in alpha glucose
(Will try and put a picture in)
What is fructose
Monosaccharide
One and a half times sweeter than glucose
Invert sugar (jams + honey)
It’s structure changes when joined with other sugars
(Will add diagram)
What is maltose
Disaccharide
Formed by joining 2 glucose molecules in a condensation reaction
Forms a glycosidic bond
Reducing sugar
What is galactose .
Monosaccharide
not found in food is formed when lactose is digested
What is sucrose
Disaccharide
Non reducing sugar
Formed from glucose and fructose
E.g caster sugar
What is lactose
Disaccharide
Found only in milk
Reducing sugar
Formed from glucose and galactose
What is starch (carbohydrate)
Simple polysaccharide
Amylase: 50-500 glucose units joined in a straight line
Amylopectin: up to 100,000 glucose joined in a branched structure
Insoluble in water
Broken by hydrolysis
What is glycogen
Simple polysaccharide
Animals store it in their muscles and liver it’s converted to glucose when needed
Branched chains
What is cellulose
Simple polysaccharide Insoluble Long chains of glucose Found in cell walls Important for Providing NSP
What is pectin
Complex polysaccharide
Found in fruit, root vegetables, apples and citrus peels
Gelling agent e.g jam making
What is gums
Complex polysaccharide
Produced by plants
Used as thickeners stabilisers and gelling agents
What is modified starch
Classed as a smart food
Use in low fat meals
Just add water products e.g sauces Garvey pot noodle
When heated it thickens but leaves no lumps
What is Amylase
Enzyme
Breaks down carbs
Produced in saliva glands pancreas and small intestine
What is an intrinsic sugar
Found within the cellular structure of foods e.g fruit or veg
What is an extrinsic sugar
They aren’t within the cellular structure in food e.g. lactose
What is a non intrinsic sugar
Occurs naturally in milk and milk products
What is non milk extrinsic sugar
In fruit juices honey anything with added sugar
Excess leads to tooth decay
