Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is the major source of dietary fibre

Answer 1

Wholegrain foods
Vegetables
Legumes
Fruits

Question 2

Simple carbohydrates refers to which categories of sugars

Answer 2

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Trisaccharides

Question 3

The most common monosaccharide

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

The sweetest monosaccharide

Answer 4

Fructose

Question 5

Make the four monosaccharides

Answer 5

Glucose
Fructose
Mannose
Galactose

Question 6

What’s the difference between D and L sugars

Answer 6

The stereospecific structure of glyceraladehyde

Question 7

6 atom ring sugars are called

Answer 7

Pyranose

Question 8

5 atom ring sugars are called

Answer 8

Furanose

Question 9

A pair of monosaccharides is called a

Answer 9

Disaccharide

Question 10

Three types of disaccharides

Answer 10

Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

Question 11

Rank the sweetness of mono and disaccharide sugars from the sweetest

Answer 11

Fructose
Sucrose
Glucose
Galactose
Maltose
Lactose

Question 12

What is an oligosaccharide

Answer 12

A few glucose units linked together

Question 13

What is a polysaccharide

Answer 13

Many glucose units linked together

Question 14

In what foods are starches found. Why are they so good for us

Answer 14

Found in grains and legumes

Good for us because they are a major source of energy for our body

Question 15

How does dietary fibre make us feel fuller for longer

Answer 15

It delays gastric emptying

Question 16

What does satiety mean

Answer 16

The feeling of fullness

Question 17

What causes lactose intolerance

Answer 17

A lactase deficiency due to aging or damaged intestinal villi

Question 18

The symptoms of lactose intolerance

Answer 18

Bloating
Diarrhoea
Abdominal discomfort

Question 19

Why does lactose intolerance have the symptoms it does

Answer 19

Because undigested lactose is transported to the colon

Question 20

Management of lactose intolerance and include

Answer 20

Increasing milk products gradually
Mixing diary with other foods
Sourcing the enzyme lactase elsewhere

Question 21

Why is fructose intolerance increasing

Answer 21

Because fructose is being used a lot more in our diets

Question 22

What causes fructose intolerance

Answer 22

Fructose is being absorbed much more slowly increasing the chance it will pass into the large intestine

Question 23

What is epinephrine used for

Answer 23

To quickly bring glucose out of muscle storage during times of stress

Question 24

What are cofactors. Give an example

Answer 24

Organic or inorganic substances that facilitate enzyme action
Example Iron

Question 25

What are enzymes in relation to metabolism

Answer 25

Protein catalysts that promote chemical reactions

Question 26

What are coenzymes. Give examples

Answer 26

Organic molecules that participate in enzyme action

Examples include: pyridoxal, NAD and FAD

Question 27

The net gains of the glycolysis step in metabolism is how many ATP and how many NADH

Answer 27

2 ATP

4 NADH

Question 28

What 4-carbon compound has a critical role in the TCA cycle

Answer 28

Oxaloacetate

Question 29

What is the net gain from the TCA cycle

Answer 29

3 NADH

1 FADH2

Question 30

How many ATP molecules are made from one glucose molecule

Answer 30

Around 38

Question 31

What is the major source of dietary carbohydrates

Answer 31

Whole grain foods