Carbohydrates Flashcards
Alpha glucose
Two OH groups
Beta glucose
Left OH at the top, right OH at bottom
What is the monomer of glucose?
The monomer is a sugar or monosaccharide. When two monomers join together during a condensation reaction, forming a glycosidic bond, this is called a disaccharide. When numerous molecules are joined to make a polymer this is called a polysaccharide. These bonds can be broke through a hydrolysis reaction.
Examples of polysaccharides
Starch, glycogen and cellulose.
Examples of disaccharides
Maltose, sucrose and lactose.
Examples of monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose and galactose.
Maltose=
alpha glucose + alpha glucose
Lactose=
Glucose + galactose
Sucrose=
Glucose + fructose
What is the monomer of starch?
Alpha glucose
What are the bonds in starch?
Glycosidic bonds
What are the functions of starch?
It provides energy storage in plants and is an energy source in most diets.
A description of starch?
It is a compact molecule so a lot can be stored in a small space, it is insoluble so doesn’t draw water in or diffuse it out. It hydrolyses very effectively to form glucose which can be used in respiration.
What’s the monomer of glycogen?
Alpha glucose
What are the bonds in glycogen?
Glycosidic bonds
What’s the function of glycogen?
Energy storage in animals
A description of glycogen?
It is a compact molecule so a lot can be stored in a small space, it is insoluble so doesn’t draw water in or diffuse it out. It hydrolyses very effectively to form glucose which can be used in respiration.
What is the monomer of cellulose?
Beta glucose
What are the bonds in cellulose?
Hydrogen and glycosidic bonds.
What’s the function of cellulose?
To provide rigidity to the plant cell.
A description of cellulose?
It has straight unbranched chains which run parallel with each other allowing hydrogen bonds to form cross linkages. As there are many hydrogen bonds it is very strong.
What happens when alpha glucose joins together?
All sugar units remain the same way up.
What happens when beta glucose joins together?
Every other sugar unit flips over.
