Carbohydrates

Question 1

Alpha glucose

Answer 1

Two OH groups

Question 2

Beta glucose

Answer 2

Left OH at the top, right OH at bottom

Question 3

What is the monomer of glucose?

Answer 3

The monomer is a sugar or monosaccharide. When two monomers join together during a condensation reaction, forming a glycosidic bond, this is called a disaccharide. When numerous molecules are joined to make a polymer this is called a polysaccharide. These bonds can be broke through a hydrolysis reaction.

Question 4

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 4

Starch, glycogen and cellulose.

Question 5

Examples of disaccharides

Answer 5

Maltose, sucrose and lactose.

Question 6

Examples of monosaccharides

Answer 6

Glucose, fructose and galactose.

Question 7

Maltose=

Answer 7

alpha glucose + alpha glucose

Question 8

Lactose=

Answer 8

Glucose + galactose

Question 9

Sucrose=

Answer 9

Glucose + fructose

Question 10

What is the monomer of starch?

Answer 10

Alpha glucose

Question 11

What are the bonds in starch?

Answer 11

Glycosidic bonds

Question 12

What are the functions of starch?

Answer 12

It provides energy storage in plants and is an energy source in most diets.

Question 13

A description of starch?

Answer 13

It is a compact molecule so a lot can be stored in a small space, it is insoluble so doesn’t draw water in or diffuse it out. It hydrolyses very effectively to form glucose which can be used in respiration.

Question 14

What’s the monomer of glycogen?

Answer 14

Alpha glucose

Question 15

What are the bonds in glycogen?

Answer 15

Glycosidic bonds

Question 16

What’s the function of glycogen?

Answer 16

Energy storage in animals

Question 17

A description of glycogen?

Answer 17

It is a compact molecule so a lot can be stored in a small space, it is insoluble so doesn’t draw water in or diffuse it out. It hydrolyses very effectively to form glucose which can be used in respiration.

Question 18

What is the monomer of cellulose?

Answer 18

Beta glucose

Question 19

What are the bonds in cellulose?

Answer 19

Hydrogen and glycosidic bonds.

Question 20

What’s the function of cellulose?

Answer 20

To provide rigidity to the plant cell.

Question 21

A description of cellulose?

Answer 21

It has straight unbranched chains which run parallel with each other allowing hydrogen bonds to form cross linkages. As there are many hydrogen bonds it is very strong.

Question 22

What happens when alpha glucose joins together?

Answer 22

All sugar units remain the same way up.

Question 23

What happens when beta glucose joins together?

Answer 23

Every other sugar unit flips over.