Carbohydrates

Question 1

How many bonds does carbon make with other elements

Answer 1

4

Question 2

What does the digestive system break down from glucose?

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

Monomers

Answer 3

Glucose

Fructose

Question 4

Triose

Answer 4

Metabolic reactions

Question 5

Pentose

Answer 5

DNA/ RNA

Question 6

Hexose

Answer 6

Glucose

Question 7

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

Answer 7

CnH2nOn

Question 8

Fructose

Answer 8

Fruit and honey

Question 9

Galactose

Answer 9

Milk

Question 10

Carbonyl groups

Answer 10

C-O

Question 11

Condensation

Answer 11

Chemical addition of water- formation

Question 12

Hydrolysis

Answer 12

Breakdown

Question 13

Sucrose

Answer 13

Plants
Phloem
Table sugar

Glucose and fructose

Question 14

Lactose

Answer 14

Milk sugar

Glucose and galactose

Question 15

Maltose

Answer 15

Malt sugar
Germinating seed eg barley

Glucose and glucose

Question 16

Monosaccharide reducing sugars

Answer 16

Glucose fructose

Galactose

Question 17

Disaccharide reducing sugars

Answer 17

Maltose and lactose

Question 18

What is starch made out of?

Answer 18

Amylose and amylopectin (from alpha glucose) which produces ATP

Question 19

Name storage polysaccharides

Answer 19

Amylose
Amylopectin
Glycogen

Question 20

Name structural polysaccharides

Answer 20

Cellulose

Chitin

Question 21

Amylose

Answer 21

Glycosidic bond at the bottom which gives an unbranched chain which is a compact helix. This is good as it stores lots of glucose

Question 22

Amylopectin

Answer 22

(1,4) and (1,6) branches are easily broken down via hydrolysis

Question 23

Glycogen

Answer 23

Liver and skeletal muscles
Like amylopectin BUT more (1,6) which gives a more beached structure. Broken down faster which suggests that animals have a higher metabolic rate than plants

Question 24

Cellulose

Answer 24

Fibres help structure in cells. Beta glucose with (1,4)
Every other glucose is flipped 180 which causes long straight chains.
Microfibrils –> cellulose fibres for added strength.

CANNOT BE DIGESTED BY MAMMALS

Question 25

Chitin

Answer 25

Hydroxyl groups by N, acetylamine groups

180 log and straight chains

Exoskeletons
Cell walls in fungi
Strong, light weight and waterproof.