Carbohydrates Flashcards
How many bonds does carbon make with other elements
4
What does the digestive system break down from glucose?
ATP
Monomers
Glucose
Fructose
Triose
Metabolic reactions
Pentose
DNA/ RNA
Hexose
Glucose
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
CnH2nOn
Fructose
Fruit and honey
Galactose
Milk
Carbonyl groups
C-O
Condensation
Chemical addition of water- formation
Hydrolysis
Breakdown
Sucrose
Plants
Phloem
Table sugar
Glucose and fructose
Lactose
Milk sugar
Glucose and galactose
Maltose
Malt sugar
Germinating seed eg barley
Glucose and glucose
Monosaccharide reducing sugars
Glucose fructose
Galactose
Disaccharide reducing sugars
Maltose and lactose
What is starch made out of?
Amylose and amylopectin (from alpha glucose) which produces ATP
Name storage polysaccharides
Amylose
Amylopectin
Glycogen
Name structural polysaccharides
Cellulose
Chitin
Amylose
Glycosidic bond at the bottom which gives an unbranched chain which is a compact helix. This is good as it stores lots of glucose
Amylopectin
(1,4) and (1,6) branches are easily broken down via hydrolysis
Glycogen
Liver and skeletal muscles
Like amylopectin BUT more (1,6) which gives a more beached structure. Broken down faster which suggests that animals have a higher metabolic rate than plants
Cellulose
Fibres help structure in cells. Beta glucose with (1,4)
Every other glucose is flipped 180 which causes long straight chains.
Microfibrils –> cellulose fibres for added strength.
CANNOT BE DIGESTED BY MAMMALS
Chitin
Hydroxyl groups by N, acetylamine groups
180 log and straight chains
Exoskeletons
Cell walls in fungi
Strong, light weight and waterproof.
