Carbohydrates Flashcards
Are CHO’s a major component of plant tissue?
Yes
CHO’s are the major energy source for herbivores. True/False?
True
Match the following: Fibrous; non- fibrous; and soluble; insoluble
fibrous- insoluble
non fibrous- soluble
CHO’s are classified into sugars and non sugars. What are the two main classifications of sugars?
Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides
CHO’s are classified into sugars and non sugars. What are the two main classifications of non-sugars?
polysaccharides and complex carbohydrates
Give two examples of a non-fibrous CHO (hint: not a food but a component of a feed that you might be interested in)
lactose and starch
animal enzymes able to digest fibrous CHO. True/ false?
false. Animal enzymes are unable to digest fibrous CHO.. doesn’t mean that microbial enzymes are unable to though!
Lactose is the reserve CHO in plants.. True/false?
False.. starch is the reserve CHO in plants
In plants- where is starch the most abundant?
In the seeds and fruit
Glycogen is the main CHO storage in animals, often called animal starches.. True/false?
True
In terms of animal anatomy and physiology, where is glycogen found/stored (2)?
found in liver and muscle
Cellulose is never bound with lignin and hemicellulose. True/false?
False. cellulose is often bound with lignin and hemicellulose
List 3 important characteristics/facts about cellulose..
most abundant CHO
gives structure to cell walls
gives plants rigidity
Are cellulose and starch both glucose based?
yes
List the 3 monosaccharide derivatives
Amino sugars (eg glucosamine)
Deoxy sugars (eg deoxyribose)
Glycosides- Plants containing these usually have an enzyme to enable hydrolysis
Eg linamarin in linseed- Boiling inactivates enzyme
List 4 important heteroglycans
Pectic substances: Found in primary cell walls and intercellular regions of higher plants (gelling properties)
Exudate gums (saps) and acid mucilages
Hyaluronic acid (joint lubrication) and chondroitin (cartilage etc)
Hemicelluloses: Closely associated with cellulose; concentration increases with plant age;
more in grasses than legumes
Is lignin classes as a CHO?
No!
How does lignin decrease the digestibility of a feed?
Deceases digestibility by encrusting plant fibres rendering them inaccessible.
There is more hemicelluloses in legumes than in grasses.. True/false?
False. There are more hemicellulose in grasses
The concentration of hemicellulose in plants decreases with age. True/false?
False. The conc. of hemicellulose increases as the plant ages
where does monogastric digestion of non fibrous CHO’s occure? (non fibrous= soluble)
In the luminal and membranous phases of the SI
Are ALL polysaccharides are digested to monosaccharides before absorption?
YEP!
Are there specific enzymes for the digestion of each type of polysaccharide?
Yes. They are named according to substrates
Eg. Maltase, isomaltase, sucrase, lactase
Note: anything with ‘ase’ at the end of a word IS an enzyme
During CHO digestion in the monogastric GIT, salivary and pancreatic amylase covert 2 dietary polysaccharides to maltose. Name these 2.. (hint: EASY)
starch and glycogen
Lactose, Maltose and Sucrose are all…..
Disaccharides
