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Biology Carbohydrates > Carbohydrates 2 > Flashcards

Carbohydrates 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the reverse of a condensation reaction?

A

Hydrolysis

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2
Q

How do we break the 1-4 glycosidic linkage?

A

Add water so a hydrolysis reaction can take place.

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3
Q

Give 3 examples of polysaccharides.

A

Starch, cellulose and glycogen.

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4
Q

What is the monosaccharide that starch is made up of?

A

alpha-glucose

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5
Q

What is the monosaccharide that glycogen is made up of?

A

alpha-glucose

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6
Q

What is the monosaccharide that cellulose is made up of?

A

beta-glucose

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7
Q

What are the types of substances that starch is made up of?

A

Amylose and amylopectin

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8
Q

Describe the structure of amylose.

A

It has a spiral structure with alpha-1,4 glycosidic links

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9
Q

Describe the structure of amylopectin.

A

Coiled springs with a branched structure, alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic links

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10
Q

What are the properties of starch?

A

To store energy and is insoluble

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11
Q

How is the energy released from starch?

A

By hydrolysis of 1,6-glycosidic bonds to release glucose molecules.

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12
Q

How are the branches in amylopectin formed?

A

Through alpha-1,6-glycosidic linkages.

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13
Q

What is the animal equivalent of starch?

A

Glycogen

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14
Q

What is the main difference between glycogen and starch?

A

Glycogen is much more compact and can be hydrolysed quickly.

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15
Q

Compare the structure of glycogen with starch.

A

It looks a lot like amylopectin with many more branches (caused by alpha-1,6-glycosidic linkages) which are also shorter.

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16
Q

Where do we find cellulose?

A

In cell walls.

17
Q

What is the function of cellulose?

A

Mechanic strength.

18
Q

What is cellulose a polymer of?

A

beta-glucose

19
Q

Explain why cellulose is so strong.

A

The beta-glucose needs to flip through 180 degrees for C1 and C4 to react in a condensation reaction to form a beta-1,4-glycosidic linkage.

20
Q

What are the cellulose molecules held together by to form microfibrils?

A

By hydrogen bonds

21
Q

Write the order of cellulose molecules from small to large.

A

Cellulose molecules - microfibrils - fibre - cellulose fibre - cell wall

22
Q

What is a microfibril?

A

70 chains of beta-glucose

23
Q

What is a fibre?

A

Loads of microfibrils held together.

Biology Carbohydrates (4 decks)

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