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Biochemistry > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 types of Biochemical substances?

A

Bioinorganic Substances and Bioorganic Substances

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2
Q

Biochemical substances that DO NOT contain Carbon

A

Bioinorganic Substances

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3
Q

Biochemical Substances that contains Carbon

A

Bioorganic Substances

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3
Q

What are the 2 Bioinorganic Substances?

A

water and inorganic salts

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3
Q

-The most abundant class of bioorganic molecules on planet Earth.
-It constitute about 75% by mass of dry plant materials.

A

Carbohydrates

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3
Q

What are the 4 Bioorganic substances?

A

Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids

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3
Q

the provides energy reserves for the plants in plants?

A

starch

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3
Q

it serves as the structural elements in plants?

A

cellulose

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4
Q

Plants have two main uses for the carbohydrates they produce. What are they?

A

Starch and Cellulose

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4
Q

What are the 4 classification of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides

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4
Q

Enumerate 3 MONOSACCHARIDES

A

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

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4
Q

Enumerate 3 DISACCHARIDES

A

Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose

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5
Q

Enumerate 2 OLIGOSACCHARIDES

A

Trisaccharides, Tetrasaccharides

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6
Q

Enumerate 3 POLYSACCHARIDES

A

Cellulose, Starch, Glycogen

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7
Q

What are the composition of Sucrose

A

1 Glucose and 1 Fructose

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8
Q

What are the composition of Lactose

A

1 Glucose and 1 Galactose

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9
Q

What are the composition of Maltose

A

2 Glucose

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10
Q

Examples of Trioses

A

Glyceraldehyde [aldotriose] and Dihydroxyacetone [ketotriose]

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11
Q

Examples of Tetroses

A

Erythrose [aldotetrose] and Erythulose [ketotetrose]

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12
Q

Examples of Pentoses

A

Ribose [aldopentose] and
Ribulose [ketopentose]

12
Q

Examples of Hexoses

A

Glucose, Galactose, Mannose [aldohexose] and Fructose [ketohexose]

12
Q

Examples of Heptoses

A

Sedoheptulose and Mannoheptulose

13
Q

-are images that coincide at all points when the images are laud upon each other.

A

Superimposable

13
Q

-are images where NOT all points coincide when the images are laid upon each

A

Nonsuperimposable

13
Q

is an atom in a molecule that has four different groups bonded to it in a tetrahedral orientation.

A

Chiral Center

14
Q

the handedness-generating carbon atom.

A

Chiral Center

15
Q

is a molecule whose mirror image are superimposable.

A

Acharial Center

16
Q

is a molecule whose mirror images are not superimposable.

A

Chiral Center

17
Q

How can we identify a Chiral Centel

A

To have four groups present, all bonds about the chiral center must be single bond.

18
Q

why is chirality important?

A
  • response of body to the right-handed form of the hormone epinephrine is 20 times greater than its response to the left- handed form.
18
Q

isomers with a different connectivity

A

Constitutional Isomers

18
Q

different compounds with the same molecular formula

19
Q

isomers with the same connectivity but a different orientation of their atoms in space

A

Stereoisomers

20
Q

Types of stereoisomers

A

Enantiomers and Diastereomers

21
Q

what does “enantios” mean?

22
Q

whose molecules are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other (L and R handed forms of a molecule with a single chiral center).

A

Enantiomers

23
Q

molecules are not mirror images of each other ( contain more than one chiral center).

A

Diastereomers

23
Q

German chemist and the developer of the two-dimensional system for specifying chirality

A

Hermann Emil Fischer

23
Q

awarded the second Nobel prize in chemistry

A

Hermann Emil Fischer

24
Q

British carbohydrate chemist.
Determine the structures of the cyclic forms of glucose

A

Walter Norman Haworth

24
Q

In what year was Hermann Emil Fischer awarded the second Nobel prize in chemistry?

25
Q

Co-recipient of the 1937 Nobel prize in Germany

A

Walter Norman Haworth

26
Q

what formula did Walter Norman Haworth develop?

A

Haworth Projection Formula

27
Q

MONOSACCHARIDE oxidation can yield/produces three different types of acidic sugars, what are the 3?

A

Gluconic acid
Glucaric acid
Glucuronic acid

28
Q

oxidize the aldehyde end of an aldose to give an

A

ALDONIC ACID

29
Q

it is a two dimensional structural notation that specifies the three dimensional structure of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide.

A

Haworth Projection Formula

30
Q

Oxidize both ends of a monosaccharide at the same time (the carbonyl group and the terminal primary alcohol group)

A

ALDARIC ACID

31
Q

oxidize the primary alcohol end of an aldose such as glucose, w/o oxidization of the aldehyde group, to produce an

Biochemistry (6 decks)

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