Carbohydrates

Question 1

What elements do carbohydrates contain?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates contain elements C, H, and O.

Question 2

What is the C:H:O ratio in carbohydrates?

Answer 2

The C:H:O ratio is 1:2:1.

Example: Glucose C6H12O6

Question 3

What shape do monosaccharides have?

Answer 3

Monosaccharides have a hexagonal shape.

Question 4

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 4

A monosaccharide is a single sugar that cannot be broken down any further.

Question 5

Are monosaccharides soluble in water?

Answer 5

Yes, monosaccharides are soluble in water and sweet tasting.

Question 6

What are some examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 6

Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose (fruit sugar), and galactose.

Question 7

What are disaccharides made of?

Answer 7

Disaccharides are made up of 2 monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond.

Question 8

How are disaccharides formed?

Answer 8

Disaccharides are formed by a dehydrolysis reaction.

Question 9

Are disaccharides soluble in water?

Answer 9

Yes, disaccharides are soluble and sweet tasting.

Question 10

What are some examples of disaccharides?

Answer 10

Examples of disaccharides include sucrose (table sugar), maltose (sugar in beer), and lactose (sugar in milk).

Some people don’t have the enzyme lactase which digests lactose, leading to bloating and sickness when consuming milk.

Question 11

What are polysaccharides made of?

Answer 11

Polysaccharides are made up of many monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds.

Question 12

How are polysaccharides formed?

Answer 12

Polysaccharides are formed by a dehydrolysis reaction.

Question 13

Are polysaccharides soluble in water?

Answer 13

No, polysaccharides are insoluble in water because they are too large to dissolve.

Question 14

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 14

Examples of polysaccharides include starch (storage form of energy in plants), cellulose (plant cell walls), glycogen (storage form of energy in animals), and chitin (exoskeletons of insects).

Question 15

What is the primary biological importance of carbohydrates?

Answer 15

Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy.

Question 16

How do soluble sugars affect osmotic balance?

Answer 16

Soluble sugars control osmotic balance.

Question 17

What is the importance of carbohydrates for energy storage?

Answer 17

Carbohydrates are important for energy storage in the form of starch (in plants) and glycogen (in animals).

Question 18

What structural roles do carbohydrates play?

Answer 18

Carbohydrates are important for structure, such as in plant cell walls (cellulose) and exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans (chitin).

Question 19

In what forms are food and energy transported?

Answer 19

Food and energy are transported in the forms of sucrose (in plants) and glucose (in animals).

Question 20

How do carbohydrates provide protection?

Answer 20

Carbohydrates provide protection in the form of slime around some algae.