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Biology > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Monomer of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

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2
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Monomer from which larger carbohydrates are made

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3
Q

Formula of Hexose, Pentose, and Triose Sugars

A

Hexose: C(6)H(12)O(6)
Pentose: C(5)H(10)O(5)
Triose: C(3)H(6)O(3)

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4
Q

Disaccharides

A

Two monosaccharides joined together through a condensation reaction, forming a glycosidic bond

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5
Q

What is maltose made of?

A

2 alpha glucose

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6
Q

What is sucrose made from?

A

Fructose and glucose

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7
Q

What is lactose made from?

A

Glucose and galactose

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8
Q

Polysaccharides

A

More than 2 monosaccharides joined together by a condensation reaction forming many glycosidic bonds.

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9
Q

What two polymers is starch made from?

A

Amylose and Amylopectin

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10
Q

What subunit is starch made from?

A

Alpha glucose

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11
Q

Branches in Starch

A

Amylose: no branches
Amylopectin: few branches

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12
Q

Source of starch

A

Storage in plant

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13
Q

Source of cellulose

A

Structural length for cell wall

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14
Q

Subunit for cellulose

A

Beta glucose

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15
Q

Bonds in Cellulose

A

1-4 glycosidic bonds

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16
Q

Bonds in Starch

A

Amylose: 1-4 glycosidic bonds

Amylopectin: 1-4 and some 1-6 glycosidic bonds

17
Q

Branches in cellulose

A

No branches

18
Q

Source of glycogen

A

Storage in animals (liver + muscles) and bacteria

19
Q

Subunit of glycogen

A

Alpha glucose

20
Q

Bonds in glycogen

A

Some 1-4 and lots of 1-6 glycosidic bonds

21
Q

Branches in glycogen

A

Highly branched

22
Q

Test for starch

A

Add iodine solution
Turns blue-black if starch is present

23
Q

What are reducing sugars

A

Sugars that will donate an electron to another chemical/molecule

24
Q

What types of sugars are reducing sugars

A

Monosaccharides

Some disaccharides (lactose, maltose)

25
Q

What types of sugars are non-reducing sugars

A

Sucrose

Polysaccharides

26
Q

Test for reducing sugars

A

Heat sample with Benedict’s solution
A brick red precipitate shows a reducing sugar is present

27
Q

Test for non-reducing sugars

A

Heat sample with Benedict’s - should stay blue
Boil with HCl and then neutralise with alkali
Heat with Benedict’s and result shows brick red precipitate

28
Q

Structure of glycogen

A

Helical chains with many branches

Biology (9 decks)

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