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Biochemistry > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

The prefixes D - and L - found in the complete name of a monosaccharide are used to identify one of two possible isomeric forms called?

A

stereoisomers

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2
Q

must have the same molecular formula and the same bonding

A

stereoisomers

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3
Q

The only atom in the plane of the paper is the?

A

stereocenter

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4
Q

the study of the different spatial arrangements of atoms

A

Stereochemistry

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5
Q

Non-superimposable mirror images

A

Enantiomers

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6
Q

a monosaccharide that, when written as a Fischer projection, has the -OH group on its penultimate carbon to the right.

A

D-Monosaccharide

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7
Q

a monosaccharide that, when written as a Fischer projection, has the -OH group on its penultimate carbon to the left.

A

L-Monosaccharide

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8
Q

The three most abundant hexoses in the biological world are?

A

D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-fructose

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9
Q

by far the most abundant of the three

A

Glucose

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10
Q

is also known as dextrose because it is dextrorotatory.

A

Glucose

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11
Q

Molecules above

A

Chiral

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12
Q

Any object or molecule with plane of symmetry is

A

Achiral

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13
Q

are said to be optically active

A

Enantiomers

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14
Q

Some compounds rotate light in a clockwise direction

A

dextrorotatory(D)

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15
Q

Other substances rotate light in a counter clockwise direction.

A

Levorotatory(L)

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16
Q

dextrorotatory(D) and are designated by a

A

plus sign (+ )

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17
Q

levorotatory (L) and are indicated by a

A

minus sign (-)

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18
Q

Simplest carbohydrate

A

D-glyceraldehyde

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19
Q

Most important in diet

A

D-glucose

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20
Q

Sweetest of all sugars

A

D-fructose

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21
Q

Part of milk sugar

A

D-galactose

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22
Q

Used in RNA

A

D-ribose

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23
Q

was the first to see a relationship between the structure of a compound and the effect of that compound on plane-polarized light.

A

Louis Pasteur

24
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

1848

25
Q

Pasteur noticed that salts of tartaric acid were formed as a by-product.

A

Winemaking

26
Q

devised a simple way to represent the structure of stereoisomers.

A

Emil Fischer

27
Q

is a two-dimensional drawing of a molecule that shows a chiral carbon at the intersection of two lines.

A

Fischer Projection

28
Q

represent bonds projecting out of the page, and the vertical lines represent bonds that project into the page.

A

The horizontal lines

29
Q

Almost all carbohydrates in living systems are members of the

A

D-family

30
Q

use for obesity

A

Dexfenfluramine

31
Q

for pain

A

Ibuprofen

32
Q

for antibiotic

A

Levofloxacin

33
Q

For Psychiatric depression

A

Paroxetine

34
Q

AIDS

A

Indinavir

35
Q

Staple food

A

Starch

36
Q

Structural and protective elements

A

Cellulose

37
Q

Unrefined sugar from palm sap

A

Jaggery

38
Q

Ophyroscolex species

A

Protozoan

39
Q

General formula of carbohydrates

A

CnH2nOn

40
Q

Greek word of sugar/saccharide

A

Sakcharon

41
Q

Five carbon sugar molecules

A

Pentoses

42
Q

Found in hearts muscles

A

D-lyxose

43
Q

8 components of glycoproteins

A

D-xylose and D-Arabinose

44
Q

Also known as D-Glucose

A

Hexoses

45
Q

A ubiquitous fuel in biology

A

Glucose

46
Q

metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced.

A

Diabetes Mellitus

47
Q

presence of glucose in the urine

A

Glycosura

48
Q

less sweet than glucose

A

Galactose

49
Q

Inherited disease

A

Galactosemia

50
Q

increase concentration in blood and urine

A

Galactusuria

51
Q
  • inherited disease
  • fructose intolerance
A

Fructosemia

52
Q

also known as cane sugar

A

Sucrose

53
Q
  • also known as maltobiose or malt sugar
  • the disaccharide produced when amylase breaks down starch
A

Maltose

54
Q

Dental plaque

A

Streptococcus mutans

55
Q

Main storage polysaccharide of animal cells

A

Glycogen

56
Q

A long chain polymer of a N-acetyiglucosamine, a derivative of glucose

A

Chitin

Biochemistry (4 decks)

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