Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is a monosaccharides basic formulae
1:2:1. Carbon:(H2:oxygen)
What is maltose made up of
A glucose + A glucose
What is lactose made up of
A glucose + Galactose
What is sucrose made from
A glucose + fructose
What is a disaccharide
Two monosaccharide units join together forming a glycosidic bond
What is the general name for a monosaccharide with 3 carbons
Triose
What is the general name for a monosaccharide with 4 carbons
Tetrose
What is the general name for a monosaccharide with 5 carbons
Pentose e.g ribose making up part of RNA molecules
What is the general name for a monosaccharide with 6 carbons
Hexose e.g A glucose and B glucose
What is the reducing sugar test
Add 2cm3 of an unknown sugar mixed with an equal amount of Benedict’s reagent. Heat in water bathe for 5 minutes then observe results
Goes from blue to red if present
Why is Benedict’s reagent used for the reducing sugars test
It is made up of cu2+ ions which are blue then a reducing sugar will make them gain an electron turning into cu+ions witch are red
What does oil rig stand for
Oxidation
Is
Loss
Reduction
Is
Gain
where is starch found
found in plant cells in the form of granules
energy store for plants
what is starch made from
starch is made from a glucose monomers
what is the test for starch
Add iodene in the form of potassium iodide to test solution
f starch is present the solution will change from yellow/orange to blue/black
how does starch’s structure relate to its function
-coiled so is compact meaning a lot an be stored in a small space
-branched so that there is more ends for a faster hydrolysis of glucose molecules to be used in respiration for energy release.
-large and insoluble so it does not diffuse out of cells
where is glycogen found
found in animal cells stored as small granules and found in muscles or the liver
what is glycogens main role
energy storage in animals
what monomer is glycogen made from
a glucose
is glycogen very branched
yes, glycogen has more a glu1-6 bonds resulting in a very branched structure
how does glycogens structure relate to its function
-coiled so is compact
-branched so more ends for a faster hydrolysis
-large and insoluble so doesn’t diffuse out of cells or affect water potential
What is the role of cellulose
Structural role provided strength in plant cell walls
What is cellulose made up of
Beta glucose monomers
What is the function of cellulose
-provides strength in cell walls
-prevents cell from bursting when water enters by osmosis
-maintains turgidity in plant cells
