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Biological Molecules > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

The individual sugar molecules that make disaccharides and polysaccharides

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2
Q

What are hexose and pentose sugars?

A

Sugars that contain 6 carbon atoms and 5 carbon atoms

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3
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Two monosaccharides joined together through a condensation reaction forming a glyosidic bond between the two OH groups

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4
Q

What are the sugars that create Maltose?

A

Glucose + Glucose

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5
Q

What are the two sugars that create Lactose?

A

Glucose + Galactose

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6
Q

What are the two sugars creating Sucrose?

A

Glucose + Fructose

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7
Q

What are the two polysaccharides that make up Starch?

A

Amylose and Amylopectin

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8
Q

What is the structure of Amylose?

A

Long, unbranched forms, coiled/spring shape

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9
Q

What is the structure of Amylopectin?

A

Long, branched chain due to 1-6 glyosidic bonds

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10
Q

What are the properties of Amylose?

A

Coiling makes it compact and stores more in a smaller place

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11
Q

What are the properties of Amylopectin?

A

Branches increase surface area for enzymes to hydrolyse glyosidic bonds allowing glucose to be released quickly

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12
Q

What is the use of starch?

A

Stores excess glucose as it is too large to leave cells and is insoluble which means it doesn’t affect water potential

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13
Q

What is the structure of Glucose?

A

Long branched chain with lots of side branches

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14
Q

What are the properties of Glucose?

A

Lots of branches increase surface area which allows glucose to be released quickly. Also good for storage

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15
Q

What is the use of Glucose?

A

Excess glucose as glycogen in muscles and in the liver. When needed for respiration, glycogen can be hydrolysed to release glucose

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16
Q

What is the structure of Cellulose?

A

Long unbranched straight chains. The cellulose chains are linked together by hydrogen bonds between the glucose molecules to form thicker fibres called microfibrils

17
Q

What are the properties of Cellulose?

A

The hydrogen bonds between the cellulose chains make the microfibrils very strong but flexible allowing them to providing support

18
Q

What is the use of cellulose?

A

Cellulose is a major structural component in the cell walls of plants. Provides support and allows cells to become turgid

Biological Molecules (6 decks)

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