Carbohydrates Flashcards
dissacharide
*two monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic bonds aka acetal linkages
polysaccharide
more than 10 monomer units linked together by acetal units
*common polysaccharides include starch, cellulose, amylose, amylopectin
D - configuration
when the chirality center furthest from the carbonyl carbon has the -OH group on the right
L - configuration
when the chirality center furthest from the carbonyl carbon has the -OH group on the left
anomeric carbon
- the main carbon that is in the carbonyl group of the compound
- this will be the carbon that bonds with the oxygen and closes the ring
alpha anomer
- up then down configuration
* common in starches
beta anomer
- Up then up configuration
* common in cellulose and other structural polysaccharides
Benedict’s Test
- this method is used to test for simple reducing sugars that contain ketones or aldehydes
- positive test turns brick red, while the original solution is blue
- Cu2+ oxidizes to Cu1+
- the reaction produces Copper (1) oxide as the precipitate
hydrolyze
when water can be used to break acetal linkages
cellulose
- repeating beta bonds
- contains 1,4 Beta bonds
- humans cannot digest this because we are incapable of breaking these bonds, unlike ruminants
amylose
- 1,4 alpha linkage
* linear form of starch
amylopectin
- 1,6 alpha linkage, also contains 1,4 alpha linkage
* form of starch that has branching points
enzyme
- build polymers
- store carbohydrates
- help with breakdown of polysaccharides
chitin
- structural component to the exoskeleton of things like shellfish and crabs
- definitely not water-soluble
AB
this blood type can receive any blood type
universal receiver
