Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are monosaccharides
Contain 1 sugar
General formula for monosaccharides
(CH20)n
What are 4 common monosaccharides
- alpha glucose
- beta glucose
- fructose
- galactose
Why is glucose an isomer
Same atoms but arranged differently
What is the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose
The molecular arrangements the H and OH group are the other way around on carbon 1
What are the uses of monosaccharides
- respiratory substance
- structural components in plasma membrane
How are disaccharides formed
2 monosaccharides joined covalently via condensation reaction forming glycosidic bonds
What are the 3 most common disaccharides
- maltose
- sucrose
- lactose
What 2 monosaccharides makes up the disaccharide maltose
Alpha glucose + alpha glucose
What 2 monosaccharides make up the disaccharide sucrose
Fructose + alpha glucose
What 2 monosaccharides make up the disaccharide lactose
Alpha glucose + galactose
What type of glycosidic bonds form in disaccharides
1,4 glycosidic bonds
What are polysaccharides
Condensation of many glucose units
2 common polysaccharides in plants
- starch
- glycogen
What is starch made up of
Many alpha glucoses
What are the 5 adaptions of starch
- insoluble
- compact
- when hydrolysis forms alpha glucose
- branched chains
- energy storage
What is good that starch is insoluble
Doesn’t affect water potential
Why is good that is starch in compact
A lot can be stored in a small space
Why is it good that starch when hydrolysis forms alpha glucose
Because alpha glucose is easily transported
What is it good that starch has branched chains
Because it means that alpha glucose is easily transported
What is cellulose made out of
Beta glucose
What are 4 adaptions of cellulose
- straight unbranched chains
- cellulose molecules grouped in this way forms microfibres
- provides rigidity to plant
- can resit tugor pressure
What is the advantage of cellulose having straight unbranched chains
The chains run parallel therefor hydrogen bonds can form cross linkages between adjacent chains all together the hydrogen bonds strength the cellulose
Where is glycogen found
In animals
