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Biology - 1 - Biological Molecules > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What are monosaccharides

A

Contain 1 sugar

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2
Q

General formula for monosaccharides

A

(CH20)n

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3
Q

What are 4 common monosaccharides

A
  • alpha glucose
  • beta glucose
  • fructose
  • galactose
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4
Q

Why is glucose an isomer

A

Same atoms but arranged differently

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5
Q

What is the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose

A

The molecular arrangements the H and OH group are the other way around on carbon 1

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6
Q

What are the uses of monosaccharides

A
  • respiratory substance

- structural components in plasma membrane

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7
Q

How are disaccharides formed

A

2 monosaccharides joined covalently via condensation reaction forming glycosidic bonds

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8
Q

What are the 3 most common disaccharides

A
  • maltose
  • sucrose
  • lactose
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9
Q

What 2 monosaccharides makes up the disaccharide maltose

A

Alpha glucose + alpha glucose

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10
Q

What 2 monosaccharides make up the disaccharide sucrose

A

Fructose + alpha glucose

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11
Q

What 2 monosaccharides make up the disaccharide lactose

A

Alpha glucose + galactose

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12
Q

What type of glycosidic bonds form in disaccharides

A

1,4 glycosidic bonds

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13
Q

What are polysaccharides

A

Condensation of many glucose units

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14
Q

2 common polysaccharides in plants

A
  • starch

- glycogen

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15
Q

What is starch made up of

A

Many alpha glucoses

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16
Q

What are the 5 adaptions of starch

A
  • insoluble
  • compact
  • when hydrolysis forms alpha glucose
  • branched chains
  • energy storage
17
Q

What is good that starch is insoluble

A

Doesn’t affect water potential

18
Q

Why is good that is starch in compact

A

A lot can be stored in a small space

19
Q

Why is it good that starch when hydrolysis forms alpha glucose

A

Because alpha glucose is easily transported

20
Q

What is it good that starch has branched chains

A

Because it means that alpha glucose is easily transported

21
Q

What is cellulose made out of

A

Beta glucose

22
Q

What are 4 adaptions of cellulose

A
  • straight unbranched chains
  • cellulose molecules grouped in this way forms microfibres
  • provides rigidity to plant
  • can resit tugor pressure
23
Q

What is the advantage of cellulose having straight unbranched chains

A

The chains run parallel therefor hydrogen bonds can form cross linkages between adjacent chains all together the hydrogen bonds strength the cellulose

24
Q

Where is glycogen found

A

In animals

25
Q

What is glycogen is made out of

A

Alpha glucose

26
Q

What bonds are found in glycogen

A

Some 1,4 glycosidic bonds

Many 1,6 glycosidic bonds

27
Q

4 adaptions of glycogen

A
  • insoluble
  • compact
  • highly branched
  • energy storage

Biology - 1 - Biological Molecules (5 decks)

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