Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology: 03 - Food > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Gourmet Food flashcards AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What elements are present in carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What ratio are the elements present in carbohydrates?

A

Cx(H2O)y where x and y are the same number (2 is a lower power at the bottom of the number)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the glucose formula?

A

x and y are both equal to six. C₆H₁₂O₆

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the three types of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are monosaccharides composed of?

A

They are composed of a single sugar unit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

They are the smallest and simplest type of carb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do monosaccharides taste?

A

They are sweet to taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are monosaccharides soluble in water?

A

Monosaccharides are soluble in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose and fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Answer the following for glucose:
How is it made?
What is it in connection to all living things and energy?
Where can glucose be commonly found?

A

It is made by plants in photosynthesis.
It is the main molecule from which living things get their energy.
It can be found in sweets, chocolate and fruit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What formula does Fructose have?

A

It has the same formula as glucose.

x and y are both equal to six. C₆H₁₂O₆

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where can fructose be found?

A

It can be found in fruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does fructose taste?

A

It is much sweeter than glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are disaccharides composed of?

A

2 sugar units joined together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the properties of disaccharides?

A

They are sweet-tasting and soluble in water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give examples of disaccharides

A

Maltose and sucrose

17
Q

Where is maltose found?

A

It is found in germinating seeds

18
Q

What is maltose composed of?

A

It is composed of two glucose molecules joined together

19
Q

What is sucrose is also known as?

A

table sugar

20
Q

What is sucrose composed of?

A

a glucose joined to a fructose

21
Q

Name some reducing sugars

A

Monosaccharides and some disaccharides like maltose are reducing sugars

22
Q

What are polysaccharides composed of?

A

Many sugar units

23
Q

Are polysaccharides soluble in water? How do they taste?

A

Thye are only slightly soluble in water and are not sweet-tasting.

24
Q

What size molecules are polysaccharides?

A

They are very large molecules, often consisting of thousands of monosaccharides.

25
Q

Give examples of polysaccharides

A

Starch, cellulose, glycogen

26
Q

What is starch also known as?

A

Amylose

27
Q

What is starch made up of?

A

Many glucose molecules joined together

28
Q

What carbohydrate is starch?

A

It is a polysaccharide and is the carbohydrate stored by plants

29
Q

Give examples of starch

A

Potatoes, bread, pasta, rice

30
Q

What is cellulose composed of?

A

many glucose molecules linked together. There is much more cross-bonding in it than starch

31
Q

What does cross-bonding mean for cellulose? (2)

A

It is very strong (it is used in the structure of cell walls).
It is very difficult to digest (used as fibre or roughage in our diet)

32
Q

What type of carbohydrate is glycogen?

A

It is a complex polysaccharide

33
Q

What is glycogen composed of?

A

it is composed of large numbers of glucose molecules arranged in many-branched chains.

34
Q

Where do animals store glycogen

A

In the liver and muscles

35
Q

Give a structural role of carbohydrates

A

Cellulose is used to form plant cell walls

36
Q

What is the metabolic role of carbohydrates? (2)

A

Glucose is broken down in respiration to release energy. this energy is used to carry out many other metabolic reactions.
Glucose is made in photosynthesis.

Biology: 03 - Food (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions