Carbohydrates Flashcards
What elements are present in carbohydrates?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What ratio are the elements present in carbohydrates?
Cx(H2O)y where x and y are the same number (2 is a lower power at the bottom of the number)
What is the glucose formula?
x and y are both equal to six. C₆H₁₂O₆
Name the three types of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides.
What are monosaccharides composed of?
They are composed of a single sugar unit.
What are monosaccharides?
They are the smallest and simplest type of carb
How do monosaccharides taste?
They are sweet to taste
Are monosaccharides soluble in water?
Monosaccharides are soluble in water
Give examples of monosaccharides
Glucose and fructose
Answer the following for glucose:
How is it made?
What is it in connection to all living things and energy?
Where can glucose be commonly found?
It is made by plants in photosynthesis.
It is the main molecule from which living things get their energy.
It can be found in sweets, chocolate and fruit.
What formula does Fructose have?
It has the same formula as glucose.
x and y are both equal to six. C₆H₁₂O₆
Where can fructose be found?
It can be found in fruits
How does fructose taste?
It is much sweeter than glucose.
What are disaccharides composed of?
2 sugar units joined together
What are the properties of disaccharides?
They are sweet-tasting and soluble in water.
Give examples of disaccharides
Maltose and sucrose
Where is maltose found?
It is found in germinating seeds
What is maltose composed of?
It is composed of two glucose molecules joined together
What is sucrose is also known as?
table sugar
What is sucrose composed of?
a glucose joined to a fructose
Name some reducing sugars
Monosaccharides and some disaccharides like maltose are reducing sugars
What are polysaccharides composed of?
Many sugar units
Are polysaccharides soluble in water? How do they taste?
Thye are only slightly soluble in water and are not sweet-tasting.
What size molecules are polysaccharides?
They are very large molecules, often consisting of thousands of monosaccharides.
