Carbohydrate Structure And Properties 1 Flashcards
What is a carbohydrate
A polyhydroxy alcohol with a keto or aldehyde functional group
Empirical formula for carbohydrates
(CH2O)n
Groups on the right in a Fischer projection point … in a Haworth projection
Downwards
What is a pyranose ring
A 6 member aldehyde ring
A 5 member keto ring is called
Furanose
What determines whether an enantiomer is a D or L enantiomer
Position of OH group on penultimate
What are anomers
Sugars which differ in configuration of OH group on carbon 1
What is the alpha form of anomers
Linear right, Haworth down
D mannose physiological importance
Constituent of globulins, mucoproteins and glycoproteins
Physiologic importance of D Galactose
Constituent of lactose, glycoproteins and glycolipids
Clinical use of fructose
Used as an intravenous energy source for patients with hepatic disease, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, postoperative state
What is dextrose
Simple sugar chemically identical to glucose that is made from corn
Dissolved in solutions that are given intravenously used to increase a person’s blood sugar, which can be combined with other drugs
What are the 4 biologically important glucose derivative
Sugar acids
Sugar alcohols
Deoxy sugars
Amino sugars
How are sugar acids produced
Oxidation of Aldo group. Keto groups not easily oxidized
How are sugar alcohols produced
Reduction of Aldo and keto groups produces polyhydroxy alcohols or polyols
What are amino sugars
Sugars in which an amino group is substituted for a hydroxyl group
What is an invert sugar
An equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose
Uses of maltose sucrose and iron sucrose as uses of disaccharides
Maltose can be converted from icodextrin which is used in dialysis solutions
Sucrose used to impart a pleasant taste in medication
Iron sucrose used in iron deficiency
