carbohydrate structure and function Flashcards
starch and sugar have high energy what?
H atom associated electrons
what molecule stores potential energy in
a) Animals
b) plants?
a) Glycogen
b) starch
what is the function of carbohydrates in the extra cellular matrix of animal cells?
Structural and protective function
name the three important hexoses in human biochemistry?
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
what type of bond links monomers to form disaccharides?
Glycosidic bonds
what is a glycosidic bond?
A covalent bond formed between the anomeric carbon of one monomer and the hydroxyl group of another monomer
what is an anomeric carbon?
carbon one on the glucose residue
name 3 disaccharides
Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose
what disaccharide is a product of starch breakdown ?
Maltose
glycosidic bond between glucose and galactose forms?
Lactose
if the anomeric carbon is available for oxidation what is it termed?
A reducing sugar
what type of carbohydrate makes up 25% of the dietary carbohydrate?
sucrose
Is sucrose a reducing sugar?
NO
what features distinguish polysaccharides from each other?
- the recurring monosaccharide units
- length of the chains
- types of bonding
- amount of branching
name to 2 types of glucose polymer in starch?
- amylose (20-25%)
- amylopectin (75-80%)
