Carbohydrate Nomeclature & Metabolism Flashcards
Define: Monosaccharide
A single carbohydrate molecule or simple sugar, CnH2nOn.
Meaning “single sweet unit”
Define: Glycosidic linkage
The bond between two sugar molecules.
Name the 3 common disaccharides formed from the below carbohydrates plus glucose:
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
- Malatose
- Surcose
- Lactose
What is the generic formula for carbohydrates?
CnH2nOn
What is glycogen?
Animal glucose storage molecule
What is startch?
Plant glucose storage molecule
What is celluose?
Plant structure molecule
How many carbons are in glucose, fructose and galactose respectively?
All these monosaccharides contain 6 carbons.
What is a a prosthetic group?
A cofactor which is very tightly or covalently bound to the enzyme.
What are two common names for the Krebs cycle?
Tricarboxylic acid cycle and the citric acid cycle.
The Krebs cycle is a group of reactions which take _______ from ________, combine it with _________ and release ________. _____ and ____ are also produced.
The Krebs cycle is a group of reactions which take the 2-carbon acetyl unit from acetyl-CoA, combine it with oxaloacetate (OAA) and release two C02 molecules. NADH and FADH2 are also produced.
Which reaction system utilizes CoA and how is CoA used?
CoA is used to transfer, or “pass”, the acetyl unit within or between reaction systems,
Fatty acid synthesis
Cholesterol synthesis
Degradation
Kreb’s Cycle
What are the four reaction systems that comprise cellular respiration?
- Glycolysis
- Pyruvate Dehydration (via pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; PDC)
- Krebs Cycle
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
What is reciprocal control?
When the same molecule regulates two enzymes in opposite directions. Frequently targets irreversible reactions such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
