Carbohydrate metabolism

Question 1

Glycolysis

Answer 1

Break down of carbohydrates into simple sugars, leading to the production of pyruvate

Question 2

acetyl CoA production

Answer 2

decarboxylation and reduction of pyruvate

Question 3

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 3

TCA cycle produces reduced co-factors which are re-oxidised by the electron transport chain which in turn is coupled to ATP production

Question 4

Glycogen production

Answer 4

Excess glucose-6-phosphate used in liver + muscle

Question 5

Fatty acid production

Answer 5

Excess acetyl CoA, stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue

Question 6

Fasting

Answer 6

Much of the acetyl CoA results in ketone body formation instead of entering the TCA cycle

Question 7

Nucleotide production (amino acid source)

Answer 7

Backbone of pyruvate and other TCA cycle intermediates

Question 8

Pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 8

Glucose-6-phosphate used as a source for nucleotide production in a pathway that generates the bulk of the NADPH needed for anabolic pathways