Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Question 1

Muscle contraction

Answer 1

ATP demand increases: requirements of muscle actomyosin ATPase and cation balance

Question 2

Increased demand for glucose

Answer 2

Increase in the number of glucose transporters on the membranes of muscle cells

Question 3

Adrenalin

Answer 3

• Increases the rate of glycolysis in muscle
• Increases the rate of gluconeogensis by the liver
• Increases the release of fatty acids from adipocytes

Question 4

Anaerobic - why?

Answer 4

• ATP demand cannot be met by oxidative phosphorylation

- Transport of glucose from blood cannot keep up with demands of glycolysis

Question 5

Anaerobic - what?

Answer 5

• Glycogen within the muscle is broken down
• Pyruvate is taken up by the liver and converted into lactate by lactate dehydrogenase (to replenish NAD+ levels and maintain glycolysis)
• Pyruvate can then be used by the liver to generate glucose by gluconeogenesis