Carbohydrate Metabolism

Question 1

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Polyhydroxyl ketone or aldehyde

Question 2

What is the general molecular formulae of carbohydrates

Answer 2

Cn(H2O)n

Question 3

List the aldehyde carbohydrate and their ketone versions

Answer 3

Trioses
Glyceraldehyde 3p -DHAP

Pentose
Ribose -Ribulose
Xylose-xylulose

Hexose
Galactose
Glucose
Mannose. Fructose- ketone

Question 4

Carbohydrates in diet are present in ……….. form

Answer 4

Polysaccharides
Glycogen
Starch
Sometimes disaccharide

Question 5

The rate of absorption of monosaccharide varies like ……

Answer 5

Galactose > glucose> fructose

Question 6

Cells that can only utilise glucose and cannot utilise fat for energy includes …………
This is as a result of……..

Answer 6

Red blood cell
Testes
Renal medulla

Due to deficiency or lack of mitochondria

The brain is unique in that it can utilise glucose and ketone bodies but not fatty acid

Question 7

Contrast glucose metabolism during postprandial and fasting state

Answer 7

Postprandial
Lipogenesis production of triglycerides
Glycogenesis

Fasting
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenesis

Question 8

The main hormonal regulator of glucose level is

Answer 8

Insulin.
The counter regulatory hormones include
Glucagon
Cortisol
Catecholamines

Question 9

Glycogen stores are depleted after …………… hours of Fasting?

Answer 9

18-24 hours of fasting

Question 10

The glycogen is majorly stored in ………… organs at ……….. quantity

Answer 10

Liver 70-80g
Muscle 150 g

Question 11

What enzyme does the muscles lack preventing it’s conversion of glucose 6 p to glucose

Answer 11

Glucose

Question 12

The cori cycle

Answer 12

Glycogen —– glucose 6 p——–pyruvate——lactate

Question 13

Where does B oxidation occur

Answer 13

Mitochondria

Question 14

The two fate of B oxidation are

Answer 14

The Acetyl COA generated enters the TCA cycle and it’s used in the production of ATP

Production of ketone bodies which serve as energy supply to the brain during prolonged fasting

Question 15

The ketone bodies are

Answer 15

Acetone
Acetoacetate
B hydroxybutyrate

Question 16

The forms in which carbohydrate exist in the diet includes

Answer 16

Starch plant source
Glycogen animal source
Disaccharides lactose and sucrose

Question 17

Describe the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates

Answer 17

Codes

D glucose
Portal venous system
Metabolism

Question 18

Carbohydrate constitute ………. of the calorie intake

Answer 18

40-45%

Question 19

Insulin doesn’t not control the entry of glucose into the hepatocytes but it’s resultant activity is Insulin sensitive

Question 20

The net effect of insulin is ………

Answer 20

Provision of energy to energy needing cells
Glucose storage through glycogen synthesis, triglyceride synthesis and protein conservation

Question 21

The immediate stillulus in a fasting state is… .

Answer 21

Low insulin:glucagon ratio

Question 22

The hormones regulating glucose metabolism include

Answer 22

Insulin
Glucagon
Cortisol
Catecholamines
Growth hormone

Question 23

Insulin induces the following enzymes

Answer 23

Pyruvate kinase
Phosphofructokinase
Hexokinase

Question 24

What is the role of cortisol

Answer 24

Decrease uptake of glucose and amino acid by the muscle and mobilizes them to the liver for Gluconeogenesis.