Carbohydrate Metabolism Flashcards
The macronutrients metabolized in metabolic pathway
Carbohydrate
Fats
Proteins
Nucleic Acid
What are the two pathways of metabolism?
Catabolism
Anabolism
What is catabolism?
Breaking down
What is Anabolism?
Building up
Carbohydrates will breakdown into what form?
Simple sugars, mainly glucose
Proteins will breakdown into what form?
Amino acids
Fats will break down into what form?
Fatty acids and glycerol
The products of macromolecule breakdown will undergo further catabolic pathways to produce ____________________.
Acetyl-Coa
Produced Acetyl-Coa from Macromolecule product breakdown will enter a pathway to produce certain products. What are these pathways and what are these products?
Citric Acid Cycle
- Carbon dioxide
- ATP
What are the different carbohydrate metabolism pathways?
Glycogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogen Metabolism
Hexose Monophosphate shunt
Alternative pathways
What are the different glycogen metabolism pathways?
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenesis
This is also known as alternative pathways
Minor pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
How carbohydrate is converted into glucose-6-phosphate?
carbohydrate from diet
—> Glucose
—> Glucose-6-phosphate
What are the metabolic fates of Glucose-6-phosphate?
Glycolysis
Glycogenesis
Pentose phosphate pathway / Hexose monophosphate shunt
What will happen to Glucose-6-phosphate when it undergoes glycolysis?
Further breakdown
What will happen to Glucose-6-phosphate when it undergoes Glycogenesis?
Conversion into glycogen
What will happen to Glucose-6-phosphate when it undergoes pentose-phosphate pathway/hexose monophosphate shunt?
Conversion into nucleic acid
What is the glycolytic end product in aerobic conditions?
Pyruvate
What is the glycolytic end product in organs that contain numerous mitochondria?
Acetyl CoA
[Which will further be used in TCA to produce ATP]
This conversion occurs in anaerobic conditions or red blood cells (RBCs).
Glycogenesis
The carbohydrates and protein from the diet will converted into glucose in which organ?
Small intestine
Converted glucose from carbohydrates and proteins will be transported into _____________.
Liver
Stored form of glucose-6-phosphate through glycogenesis
Glycogen
In anaerobic conditions, glucose will be converted into __________.
Lactate
The end product of glucose metabolism in erythrocytes
Lactate
Form of glucose used by muscle through the bloodstream
GLucose-6-phosphate
Do erythrocytes have mitochondria?
No
What is the main source of energy for erythrocytes?
lactate
