Carbohydrate metabolism

Question 1

What is glycogenesis?

Answer 1

Making glucose into glycogen

Question 2

What is glycogenolysis?

Answer 2

Breaking down glycogen into glucose

Question 3

What is glycolysis and its end products?

Answer 3

Glucose broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 ATP and 2NADH

Question 4

What is gluconeogenesis?

Answer 4

Making glucose form a non-carb source

Question 5

Describe key events in digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth, stomach and small intestines…

Answer 5

Mouth: alpha-amylase catalyses hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds to produce smaller polysaccharides and disaccharides

Stomach: no digestion as enzyme is inactivated by the acidic environment

Small intestines: alpha-amylase helps break polysaccharides into disaccharides (maltose, lactose, sucrose) and then into monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose)

Question 6

Which hormones activate and deactivate glycolysis?

Answer 6

Activate: insulin

Deactivate: glucagon

Question 7

How many steps in glycolysis and what are the 2 stages?

Answer 7

10 steps

Energy consuming (C6)

Energy producing (C3)