Bioenergetics

Question 1

Define metabolism and what catabolism and anabolism are…

Answer 1

Metabolism: The sum of all biochemical reactions in the body

Catabolism: metabolic reactions where large biochemical molecules are broken into smaller ones (release energy)

Anabolism: small biochemical reactions that join to form larger ones (require energy)

Question 2

What are the three adenosine phosphates?

Answer 2

AMP: Adenosine monophosphate

ADP: Adenosine diphosphate

ATP: Adenosine triphosphate

Question 3

What are three other important nucleotide triphosphates involved in metabolic pathways?

Answer 3

FAD: flavin adenine dinucleotide

NAD: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

CoA: Coenzyme A

Question 4

Overview of the 4 bioenergetic pathways stages…

Answer 4

1. Digestion: breaks down food into smaller molecules to be absorbed into bloodstream via intestinal walls
2. Acetyl Group Formation: the production of acetyl groups, which then attach to Coenzyme A, forming Acetyl
   CoA
3. Citric Acid Cycle: takes place in the mitochondria – Acetyl CoA is oxidized and produces some energy, most of which is captured in the reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2
4. Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation: takes place in the mitochondria – NADH & FADH2
   provide H+ and electrons needed for ATP production

Question 5

What are the end products of digestion from carbohydrates, proteins and fats/oil?

Answer 5

Carbohydrates: glucose and other monosaccharides

Proteins: amino acids

Fats/oils: fatty acids and glycerol

Question 6

How much energy is released when a molecule of ATP undergoes hydrolysis?

Answer 6

7.3 k/cal/mol

Question 7

Overview of digestion

Answer 7

Mouth > stomach > small intestines > blood

Question 8

Where does the Citric Acid Cycle take place?

Answer 8

Mitochondria

Question 9

End products of CAC?

Answer 9

Co2
Energy
NADH
FADH2

Question 10

Where does the ETC and OP take place?

Answer 10

Mitochondria